Coal Notes

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Coal Notes
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Before the bell rings

• Grab notes sheets off middle
• Open the article I sent you on Google Docs, read,
  and answer all 3 questions in your notes.

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Take out your notes and answer these
questions.in writing!

• What is a non-renewable resource?
• Give some examples
• What is a renewable resource?
• Give some examples

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What are Resources (2 types)?

• Renewable resources
• resources replaced as they used
• Ex. Water, plants (trees), air, sun
• Nonrenewable Resources
• have a limited supply
• Ex. Minerals and Fossil fuels

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What are Fossil Fuels?

• Fossil Fuels Forms of stored energy that are
  remains of living things made primarily of carbon
  and hydrogen through the process of
  carbonization.
• Ex. coal, oil, natural gas

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What is Carbonization?

• Carbonization The partial decomposition of
  plants releasing gases which change the chemical
  composition of the plants leaving only carbon and
  hydrogen.
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v8YHsxXEVB1M

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Watch this video

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vcJ-J91SwP8w
• What do you think?
• What is the message here?
• What do you agree with/disagree with?

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What is Coal?

• Coal- formed from partially decomposed
  Plant/Animal matter, which is turned into solid
  brittle rock when it is compressed over a long
  period of time.

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Coal Facts You Should Know!

• Common The most abundant fossil fuel
• Compressed5-10 ft of decomposed material makes
  about 1 ft of coal
• Cheap Less than half the price per million BTU
  than oil and natural gas.

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Coal Fast Facts

• How much power?- 1 lb. of coal can power 10-100
  watt light bulbs for an hour
• How much left?- Should last for about 250 years
  at the current rate of use
• Use decreased during the 40s and 50s because
  oil and gas was easier to use and more available
  due to WWI and WWII.
• Use has been increasing since the Arab Oil
  Embargo of 1973.

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Oil Embargo- 1973-74

• News Cast

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More Coal Fast Facts

• It is now used mainly for the generation of
  electricity
• In 2012 it was responsible for 20 of the
  nations energy consumption (39 electricity)
• Mostly transported by train or barge
• China is the major producer and the U.S. is
  second
• http//www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/pecss_d
  iagram.cfm

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Take out your notes

• Try to draw a diagram of what a coal powerplant
  looks like

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How Coal Generates Electricity

• Coal Factory Animation

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Problems with Coal
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In your books (pg 436) describe each of the
following

• Peat
• Lignite
• Subbituminous
• Bituminous
• Anthracite
• Coke (on back of notes sheet)

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Problems with Coal

• Contains sulfur causing air pollution when
  burned.
• Makes acid rain!
• High amounts of air pollution (CO2 and SO2) are
  given off by coal power plants.
• Causes more air pollution when burned than any
  other fossil fuel

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Coal Mining

• Underground mining
• dangerous, collapsed mines, fires, gas
  explosions, and black lung (lungs are coated in
  coal dust)
• Strip Mining - the overlying layer of rock is
  stripped to get to the coal from the surface.
• this is cheaper, safer, and yields 3xs more coal
  than underground mining

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Centrailia and an Explosion

• Centralia Video
• Mine Explosion Video

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Problems with Strip Mining

• Less than one-half of the mines have been
  reclaimed
• restored to their natural state
• Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is when water reacts
  with mineral in the open mine forming highly
  acidic water pollution the environment killing
  aquatic organisms and waterfowl

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AMD in PA

• AMD IN PA

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Solutions to Coal Use

• Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
  requires that mined land be restored to its
  primary use (forest, field, etc.)
• Clean Air Act of 1990 forces companies to reduce
  the emissions (release) of SO2 and NO2 when
  burning coal
• More coal in this country is coming from the
  mid-west instead of the east because it contains
  less sulfur
• New technologies are being invented to reduce air
  pollutants from coal (scrubber - sprays the gas
  with lime or calcium water binding the SO2,
  causing it to settle out expensive process to
  install)
• Using natural gas is cleaner because it
  releases one-half the CO2 and SO2 of coal

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Reclamation
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Synthetic Fuels

• Fuels produced by chemically changing fossil
  fuels like coal. They are cleaner burning
• In your books, pg 446, find the notes for
• Liquid Coal
• Coal Gas
• Oil Shale

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Fracking

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v1pCvdOg0Cecfeature
  fvst