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Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence

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Title: Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence


1
Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence
  • - G. Ananthakrishnan
  • - Simon Benjaminsson

2
Popper Vs Feyerabend
  • Popper
  • The Logic of Scientific Discovery
  • Theory has temporary status
  • Falsifiability of a theory
  • Against psuedo-theories like Freudian psychology
    etc.
  • Feyerabend
  • Against Method
  • No precise rules
  • Anything goes
  • Anarchist approach to scientific theory

3
Abstraction, Algorithms, Dynamical Systems etc.
  • Abstraction is necessary
  • Principles of systems can be predicted, but
    specific system needs some empirical values
  • Can a theory of intelligence be algorithmic?
  • Can we have an algorithm which computes and
    thereby explains all intelligence?
  • Dynamic systems chaos theory
  • Structured systems emerge from chaotic conditions
  • Analytical component Design aspect

4
Diversity (exploitation) - Compliance
  • Soft Rules
  • Choice about compliance
  • Syntax Vs Semantics Grammar Vs Content
  • Grammatically incorrect no compliance
  • Grammatically correct, but repetitive no
    diversity
  • Hard Rules
  • Laws of Physics
  • No choice but to comply
  • Only possible to exploit
  • Rock only complies, does not exploit

5
Exploitation and Knowledge
  • Rock flowing down river
  • does not exploit, no diversity,
  • only complies with fluid dynamics
  • Asimo robot that can dance, walk etc.
    diversity, exploits friction and gravity
  • Fish exploits fluid dynamics
  • Do they know they are exploiting?
  • Humans write poems, exploiting some figures of
    speech, possibly breaking some soft rules
  • Do we know? Do we need to know?

6
Stability-Flexibility (accommodation -
assimilation)
  • Category learning
  • Representation of the world
  • Do we need only one example or several examples?
  • Role of the right features?
  • Categorizing unknown objects
  • Soft categorization
  • Exploration-Exploitation

7
Frame-of-reference problem
  • An intelligent agent
  • Conforms to rules/laws (Hard or Soft)
  • Exploits the environment
  • Exhibits diverse behavior
  • May or may not be aware of this behavior
  • Complex behavior with simple rules
  • e.g., beach ant walks around puddles, twigs etc.
    without knowing what the obstacles are
  • From ant's perspective simple rules
  • From observer's perspective complex behavior

8
Swiss Robots
  • The Swiss Robots Demo
  • Simple rules
  • Unexpected behavior
  • Robots do not see cubes
  • Intelligent? - Depends on perspective
  • Different location of sensors?

9
Interaction - Emergence
  • Robot's perspective reaction to sensory
    stimulus
  • Our perspective cleaning up of Styrofoam cubes
  • Effect of interaction of internal mechanism with
    environment
  • Behavior cannot be estimated solely by the
    internal mechanism embodiment, environment
  • Emergence of complexity from simple rules and
    interaction with environment
  • What if cubes were heavier, what if sensor was
    placed differently, what is the cubes were
    slightly larger or slightly smaller?

10
Robot Puppy
  • Motor and spring mechanism copies the gait of a
    puppy
  • Uses pressure sensors on the feet to sense the
    ground
  • Hip and shoulders are moved periodically

Theo jansen's kinetic animals
Pressure Sensors
New Species, Ted Talk (2.14 mins)
  • The dog sees the world from the view of its
    sensors
  • Complex gait mechanism from simple principles

11
  • Over to Simon

12
Articulation- Acoustics
  • Motor movement
  • Visual representation
  • Spatial-to-Motor reference frame
  • Invariant (for the same posture)
  • Bias for certain arm postures
  • Articulator movement
  • Acoustic representation
  • Invariant? e.g. American /r/
  • Highly non-linear
  • Frame-of-reference?

13
Role of Embodiment
  • Vocal-tract to Sound (Maeda Model)
  • Application of fluid dynamics and computation of
    tube resonances.
  • Control of vocal-tract parameters
  • Inertia of articulators
  • Muscles that control articulation
  • Degrees of freedom for articulation
  • Planning of articulation
  • Targets and paths
  • Acoustic/Perceptual features

14
The Diva System
GOF Neural Network
?
Embodiment
Partial Embodiment
15
Reference Frames
  • Articulatory
  • Degrees of freedom
  • Constriction
  • Motor equivalence
  • One-many mapping with Articulatory frame
  • Acoustic/Perceptual
  • Formant frequency differences

16
Variance in Constriction
17
Some Equations
18
Solving a specific problem Variation in /r/
19
Explained by DIVA
Resulting configuration of /r/ Bunched
Resulting configuration of /r/ Retroflexed
20
Some videos Other applications of DIVA
Random Babbling
Reduplicated Babbling
21
Some videos Other applications of DIVA
Attempt 3
Attempt 2
Attempt 1
22
Some videos Other applications of DIVA
Simulation of Stuttering (as predicted by DIVA)
23
Thank You
  • Any Questions?
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