19 Post-Stalin Era: Nationalism, Culture, and Foreign Policy

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19Post-Stalin Era Nationalism, Culture, and
Foreign Policy
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Overview

• Main Themes
• Nationalities From Fusion to Fission
• Culture Thaw, Repression, Dissent
• Foreign Policy Confrontation, Détente, Crisis
• Conclusions

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A. Main Themes

1. Nationality neither integration nor suppression,
   denial and disintegration
2. Khrushchevs thaw concessions and conflict
3. Brezhnev era repression and rise of dissent
4. Antireligious campaigns
5. Khrushchevs USSR confrontation

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B. Nationalities From Fusion to Fission

1. Demography
2. Post-Stalin Policy Voluntary Fusion
3. Politics Slavic Center, Non-slavic periphery
4. Economics
5. Cultural issue language, literature, religion
6. Dissent minority and Russian nationalism
7. 1980s Centrifugal forces prevail

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Central Asia Two Worlds
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C. Culture

• Khrushchev Concessions and Conflict
• Thaw
• Conflict and consternation
• Antireligious campaign
• Brezhnev Repression and dissent
• Repression
• Dissidenty Dissenters
• Diversity of dissent

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Moscow Youth Festival (1957)
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Krokodil Satire Soviet Hippies (1969)
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Boris Pasternak
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Elena Bonner and Andrei Sakharov
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
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Vladimir VysotskiiBard and Actor
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Leaving the Village (1965 Painting)
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D. Foreign Policy

• Principal issues
• Khrushchev era
• Goals and strategy
• Bloc politics
• West accommodation, competition, confrontation
• Brezhnev era
• Goals and strategy
• Bloc politics Czechs, Chinese, and Poles
• Developing countries
• Détente
• Kabul and confrontation

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Soviet Tanks in Budapest1956
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Budapest 1956
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Mao, Stalin, Khrushchev
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Khrushchev-Mao Negotiations1959
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Good Morning, Africa!
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Prague 1968 Student Confronts Soviet Tank
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Prague 1968 Students Exhort Soviet Soldiers to
Leave
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Afghanistan Graveyard of Soviet Tanks
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Soviet-Afghan War