ERNEST HEMINGWAY 1899-1961

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ERNEST HEMINGWAY1899-1961
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfh-MCQsZ5eE
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Biography Early Years

• On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in
  Oak Park, Illinois.
• Oak Park, just south of Chicago, was the city in
  which Hemingway grew up.
• After graduating high school, he began writing
  for The Kansas City Star.

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Ambulance Driver

• At the start of the First Word War,
• Hemingway drove an ambulance
• 
  on the
• 
  Italian
• 
  front.
• Within a year of his service, Hemingway was
  severely injured. He returned to the states
  because of his wounds.

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Love and Work

• Ernest Hemingway married Hadley Richardson in
  1922.
• The young coupled relocated to Paris where
  Hemingway had found work as a foreign
  correspondent.
• Before two years of living in Paris, Hemingway
  wrote over eighty articles for the Toronto Star.

• He wrote about the Greco-Turkish War and travel
  pieces.

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Influences

• Became an active member of the so-called Lost
  Generation.
• Included many writers who were beginning to
  explore the possibility of Modernist writing.
  Hemingway and Ford Madox Ford edited a review
  which published the work of writers like Gertrude
  Stein, Ezra Pound and John Dos Passos.
• Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald formed
  a close friendship. Fitzgeralds novel The Great
  Gatsby inspired Hemingway to write
• Hemingway spent much time at Gertrude Stein's
  salon. In this social context, Hemingway met
  influential painters including Juan Gris, Joan
  Miró, and Pablo Picasso.

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Divorce and new love

• The relationship between Hemingway and Hadley
  began to break down as Hemingway wrote his first
  novel.
• Hadley also discovered that Hemingway was having
  an affair with the American Pauline Pfeiffer.
• As Part of the divorce settlement, Hadley was to
  receive the revenue from The Sun Also Rises.
• After the first divorce, Hemingway married
  Pauline Pfeiffer. Hemingway would end their
  marriage on returning from the Spanish Civil War.

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Mid-life Crisis

• In June 1928, Hemingway and his second wife had a
  son in Kansas City.
• Hemingway and his family traveled to Wyoming,
  Massachusetts and New York.
• Hemingways father had committed suicide. He
  began to have premonitions that he would end his
  life by his own hand.
• Throughout the 1930s, Hemingway would spend his
  winters in Key West, Florida. This region would
  become associated with Hemingway.
• In the summer, Hemingway would return to Wyoming
  to take advantage of the hunting and fishing.
• Went on African safari in 1933

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Married.Again

• Hemingway sailed to Cuba in early 1939.
• While in Cuba, Hemingway lived in a hotel and
  signaled the increased effort painfully separate
  from his second wife.
• Martha Gelhorn was to join Hemingway in Cuba.
• In 1940, Hemingway married Martha Gelhorn.
• This marriage ended
• when Hemingway met
• Mary Walsh in
• Wyoming in the fall of
• 1940.
• Summer home
• in Idaho.

PLAYER!!!!!
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On the Road Again

• Gelhorn gave Hemingway the inspiration to pen his
  most famous novel
• nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for this work.
• In 1941, Martha Gellhorn accepted an assignment
  for Colliers magazine that required her to travel
  to China.
• Hemingway took the opportunity to travel China.

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World War II

• For the second half of 1944, Hemingway traveled
  to the European front of the Second World War.
• He was at the D-Day landingh
• He was protected as precious cargo.
• Some say that he went ashore during the Allied
  invasion.
• During the conflict, Hemingway broke the Geneva
  Convention by leading an armed group of military
  resistors.
• As a journalist, he was forbidden to engage in
  military action.
• he escaped punishment by claiming that he had
  only given advice.
• For his actions in the war, Hemingway was given a
  Bronze Star for bravery.

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New Wife and Secret Life

• Returned to Paris
• In London, Hemingway met Mary Welsh, a Time
  magazine correspondent.
• On their third meeting, Hemmingway offered a
  marriage proposal.
• The wedding occurred in 1946.
• During a return trip to Europe, Hemingway became
  infatuated with the teenager, Adriana Ivancich
  (EWW!!!).
• This romance would inspire Hemingways book
  Across the River and Into the Trees. Which was
  received very poorly.
• However in 1952, Hemingway would win the
  Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea. Two
  years later Hemingway would be awarded the Nobel
  Prize in Literature.

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Death

• His mental and physical health worsened during
  this period.
• Hemingways alcoholism worsened.
• From 1955 to 1956, Hemingway was confined to his
  bed.
• His doctors told him to stop drinking, but he did
  not comply.
• His mental health deteriorated.
• He attempted electoroshock therapy.
• In 1961, Ernest Hemingway committed suicide.

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Novels

• Novels
• The Sun Also Rises in 1926
• A Farewell to Arms in 1929
• For Whom the Bell Tolls in 1940 (most ambitious
  novel)
• The Old Man and the Sea in 1952 (most outstanding
  short story)
• Used plain, forceful prose style characterized by
  simple sentences and few adjectives or adverbs
• He wrote crisp, accurate dialogue and exact
  description of places and things
• Created a type of male character (Hemingway Hero)
  who faces violence and destruction with courage
• Hemingway Code is known as the trait of grace
  under pressure which appeared to be the
  unemotional behavior even in dangerous situation

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Novels

• For Whom the Bell Tolls
• A classic war romance that takes place in the
  mountains of Spain in 1937. It tells a story of a
  man by the name of Robert Jordan who is an
  American fighting for the Republicans. He is
  ordered to blow up a bridge as part of a large
  offensive. He has to work with a colorful group
  of local guerillas to help him out on his
  mission. In the process of the mission, he ends
  up falling in love with one of them.
• Literally, a lot of blood, sweat and tears went
  into this book. It was Hemingways own visit to
  war-torn Spain as a journalist and film
  production assistant in 1937 and 1938.
• He called this book the most important thing
  Ive ever done.

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Novels

• The Old Man and the Sea
• An old fisherman who hasnt caught a fish in 84
  years and doesnt eat much. He has a dream of
  lions he used to see in the old days and wakes up
  and decides to get in his boat and fish. Not too
  long after, he hooks a ridiculously large marlin.
  The man ends up see this fish as a brother and
  not an enemy. He finds it hard to kill it but
  ultimately does. The man straps the fish to the
  side of his boat and heads back home. On the way,
  sharks attack the boat eating the marlin. He
  tries beating them with a harpoon, club and
  finally a knife. When he reaches home, its only a
  skeleton. He goes to sleep and dreams of the same
  lions as before.
• The story is an example of the emotional weight
  of his work,
• and the characteristics of his unemotional male
  protagonist.

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Extra Biography

• Following his entry into World War I, he tried to
  enlist into the US Army but failed his physical
  test due to poor eyesight.
• By 1927 his first marriage was over, he then
  married Pauline Pfeiffer the same year.
• They met in Paris, and left the city for a fresh
  new start.
• Lived in Paulines family home, including a
  studio were he wrote. Their home can be toured at
  the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational
  Center in Arkansas.
• On a visit back home, he stopped in the Key West.
• The Key West gave him an opportunity to enjoy
  fishing.
• He sailed his boat all around the Gulf Stream.
• His house in Key West is also open to the public.
  
• If not sailing on his boat, he was writing.
• The summer of 1933, Hemingway, Pauline and a
  friend visited Africa for a three-month Safari.
• While in Africa, he got a severe illness and had
  to recover in the hospital.
• He was a hunter and outdoorsman. He brought
  trophies home and also writing about his travel.

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Extra Biography

• After the start of the Spanish War, he wrote for
  the American Newspaper Alliance.
• During his coverage of the war, he traveled with
  a reporter named Martha Gellhorn. They first met
  in Key West and became closer together in Spain.
• Later in 1940, they got married after his
  marriage with Pauline ended.
• In 1940, him and Martha purchased a home outside
  of the Havana, Cuba. They live there for 20
  years.
• He wrote a lot from his home in Cuba, but little
  of his work was published. After his death they
  were all edited and published.
• In 194, he traveled to Europe to report WWII.
• His first stop was London where he wrote the Wars
  Effect on the city.
• He met another reporter in London named Mary
  Walsh who later became his fourth wife.
• They traveled England together and after
  returning home he divorced Martha in 1945 and
  married Mary in 1946.
• His final home is in Idaho where outside of town
  there is a memorial for one of the twentieth
  centuries greatest personalities.