Nomadic Invaders: Russians, Mongols, Turks

1
Nomadic Invaders Russians, Mongols, Turks

• World History

2
Birth of Russia

• Blending of Slavic and Greek traditions
• Adventurers came down from the north and settled
  in this area. These were the Varangians, or the
  Rus.
• King Rurik will establish
• the first city, Novgorod

3
Kievan State

• Nobleman Oleg moves to Kiev, city on the Dnieper
  River
• Development into principality
• Vladimir- came to throne in 980
• Kievs conversion to Christianity
• First unified territory originated west of the
  Ural Mountains
• Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimirs son, comes to
  throne in 1019. He will establish legal codes
  and important trading alliances with Western
  Europe.

4
Decline of Kiev

• Death of Yaroslav in 1054
• Division of territory among Yaroslavs sons
  caused struggles
• Crusades in 1095

5
Mongols

• Nomadic people who were pastoralists
• Horseman from central Asia
• Warrior Genghis Khan would unite the Mongols and
  lead them across the Asian Steppe and into Europe
  
• 1225- Central Asia was under Mongol control
• Genghis Khan would die in 1227

6
Mongol Empire

• Genghiss sons and grandsons would continue to
  invade China and Korea
• 1260 Empire divided into four regions, also
  known as khanates. Four khanates
• Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia and China)
• Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia)
• Ilkhanate (Persia)
• Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)
• 1200s to mid-1300s Pax Mongolica

7
Mongol rule in China

• 1260 Kublai Khan, ruler of Great Khan, comes to
  power
• 1279 Kublai Khan defeats China and establishes
  Yuan Dynasty
• Built a capital (near modern day Beijing)
• Separation between Mongols and Chinese
• Kublai Khan restored Grand Canal and expanded it.
  Also, he built a paved highway.
• Foreign trade increased during this time due to
  Mongol peace
• Products traded included silver, silk, paper
  currency, compasses, and gunpowder.
• Marco Polo arrives in China around 1275

8
(No Transcript)
9

• Kublai Khan would also try to expand his empire
  into Japan
• Mongols forced Koreans to build fleets to send
  over to try to conquer Japan
• Second fleet sent over had a force of 150,000
• Typhoon would destroy the fleet
• Kamikaze, divine wind

10
Mongol Invasion

• 1240 Under Batu Khan, Genghiss grandson, Kiev
  would be attacked and destroyed
• After the fall of Kiev, Mongols would rule Russia
  for the next 200 years
• Mongols allowed Russians to continue their
  customs and beliefs
• Demand of tributes
• Few ideas and inventions during this time

11
End of Mongol Rule in Russia

• Moscow founded in 1100s. Located on three
  important rivers- Volga, Dnieper, and Don
• Ivan I, also known as Ivan Moneybag would
  convince the leading bishop of eastern Europe to
  move to Moscow
• This move gave Moscow an ally the Church
• Expansion of Moscow
• Russian state would become an empire under Ivan
  III

12
End of Mongol Rule in Russia

• Ivan III took the title as czar
• 1480 Ivan and his forces meet Mongols at Ugra
  River for a bloodless battle
• Mongols would leave Russia and conquer a new
  group of people, the Turks of Central Asia.

13
Turkish Nomads

• Rise in Anatolia
• Turkish group known as the Seljuks would conquer
  Baghdad from the Persians. Later, they would
  conquer the eastern side of the Byzantine Empire
  (Anatolia)
• Blending of Persian and Turkish culture
• Malik Shah- Seljuk sultan
• 1258 Mongols arrive in Baghdad. Baghdad was
  destroyed and thousands of people killed.