Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 5001500

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Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact,
5001500
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
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SECTION
MAP
Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
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SECTION
Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
3
SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact,
5001500
The Roman Empire splits in two and the Byzantine
Empire develops in the East. Through trade,
Byzantine ideas influence the culture and
religion of Russia. Turks adopt Islam and set up
an empire in Persia and the eastern flank of
Byzantium. Christians and Muslims battle during
the Crusades. Mongol invaders bring down the
Turks.
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Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact,
5001500
Time Line
850s Byzantine culture spreads to Russia.
1240 Kiev destroyed by Mongols.
527 Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire.
1054 Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and
Orthodox branches.
1480 Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.
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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
MAP
Key Idea
The Byzantine Empire, or new Rome, develops in
the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. The
emperor of the new Rome builds up eastern
culture. The Church splits into the Eastern
Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches.
Overview
Assessment
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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
MAP
Overview
Justinian Code Hagia Sophia patriarch
icon iconoclast excommunication schism
Cyrillic alphabet
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Constantinople ruled an eastern empire that
survived for over a thousand years.
Byzantine culture deeply influenced Orthodox
Christianity, a major branch of modern
Christianity.
Assessment
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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List Justinians accomplishments as
emperor of the New Rome.
Conquered most of Italy and parts of Spain
Rebuilt Constantinoples fortifications
Built aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals
Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia
Established Justinian Code
Encouraged trade, education
Enlarged his palace
continued . . .
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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. Why do you think Justinian decided in the late
520s that it was the right time to reform Roman
law? THINK ABOUT
the situation of the empire
the role of laws in societies
the state of Roman laws before reform
ANSWER
The Byzantine Empire had a separate government
and character from that of the West. It needed
its own organized system of laws to regulate life
in this new era. Roman law was disorganized
and contradictory and so needed reform.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
3. Do you think the differences between the
Eastern and Western churches could have been
reconciled before the Church split? Why?
ANSWER
YesBoth sides could have united over the icon
issue. NoDifferences in beliefs about divorce
and marriage for priests might have been too deep
for compromise.
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
Key Idea
Russian culture develops from a blending of
Slavic and Viking peoples. Through trade, Greek
Byzantine culture influences Russian culture.
Before the Mongol invasions, Kiev is the center
of Russian culture. Eventually, Moscow becomes
the dominant cultural center.
Overview
Assessment
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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
Overview
Slavs boyars Olga Vladimir Yaroslav
the Wise Alexander Nevsky czar
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Russia grew out of a blending of Slavic and
Byzantine cultures with Eastern Orthodox
traditions.
The early history of Russia separated it from the
West, causing mutual misunder-standings that
still exist today.
Assessment
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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture

• 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
  thoughts.
• Explain the effects of Mongol rule in Russia.

Collected tribute put down revolts
Tolerated by Mongols acted as link between
Mongols and Russians
Paid high taxes developed a devotion to icons
Became tax collectors for Mongols gained
control of small states around Moscow
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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
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Section
Assessment
2. How did Vladimirs conversion to Christianity
affect the citizens, society, and government of
Kiev? THINK ABOUT
the laws he passed
the customs he encouraged
the policies he followed
ANSWER
Vladimirs subjects were required to convert
to Christianity. Byzantine teachers taught
religion to the Kievans. The prince became
head of the Church in Kiev.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
2
Section
Assessment
3. The Mongols were fierce conquerors, and their
rule cut Russia off from the rest of the world.
Even so, their policies helped to pull Russia
together as a territory. How? THINK ABOUT
Mongol policies in Russia
the Churchs attitude toward the Mongols
the role and power of the nobility
ANSWER
Independent principalities were unified.
Russian religion and culture were preserved.
The Church sanctioned Mongol rule, thus giving
its approval to the new unified territory.
The nobility retained some authority.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
GRAPH
Key Idea
Nomadic Turks known as Seljuks capture Baghdad
from the Persians. The Turks and Persians form a
strong bond because of the Turks support of
Persian culture. A lack of leadership, the
Crusades, and Mongol invasions bring an end to
the Seljuk Empire.
Overview
Assessment
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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
GRAPH
Overview
mamelukes Seljuks vizier Malik Shah
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Turkish people converted to Islam and founded new
empires that would renew Muslim civilization.
In the 20th century, the collapse of the Turkish
empire left ethnic and religious hostilities that
still affect the world.
Assessment
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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List several events in the last 200
years of the Abassid Empire.
800 Tunisia breaks away.
809 Parts of Persia are lost.
868 Abbasids lose control of Egypt.
945 Baghdad falls to Persians.
788 Morocco breaks away.
continued . . .
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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
2. In what ways would it be accurate to say that
the Persians actually won over their Turkish
conquerors? THINK ABOUT
religion
culture
political influence
ANSWER
The Turks looked to the Persians for religious
and cultural guidance. The Turks adopted the
language and customs of the Persians. Persians
held powerful offices in the Turkish government.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia
GRAPH
3
Section
Assessment
3. Between Abbasid and Mongol rule, Baghdad was
occupied and governed by four different
powersAbbasids, Persians, Seljuks, and Mongols.
Summarize important events and features of those
occupations.
ANSWER

• AbbasidsMade Baghdad their capital mamelukes
  gained power over Abbasid caliphs.
• PersiansCaptured Baghdad in 945 caliph lost
  political power to the sultan.
• SeljuksCaptured Baghdad in 1055 supported
  Persian culture
• MongolsOccupied Baghdad in 1258 burned down the
  caliphs palace and executed the last caliph

Possible Responses
End of Section 3