Pre-Revolutionary America

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Pre-Revolutionary America
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French and Indian War

• France began claiming territory in the Ohio River
  Valley ?this upset the British
• Britain declares war, the French ally themselves
  with the Native Americans
• Lasts 7 years (Also called the Seven Years War)

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Results of the French and Indian War

• France
• lost almost all land in North America
• no longer important in American development

• Britain
• acquired more land
• became a world-wide super power
• grew resentful of colonial blundering (mistakes
  in battles) and the cost of defending the
  colonies

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Results of the French and Indian War

• Colonists
• acquired land to expand
• gained valuable military experience
• found their first American heroG. Washington
• learned how to cooperate

• Native Americans
• continued to lose control over land in North
  America

THIS WAS REALLY THE CAUSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY
WAR...
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Britain needs money

• To pay off debts, Britain takes a series of steps
  to use colonies resources and to take control
  before they are gone forever.

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Indian Policy Pontiacs War

• Proclamation of 1763
• government in Canada, Florida, other conquered
  colonies
• Set up Proclamation Line no settlement west
  of Appalachian Mtns. Unless the land was
  purchased from Indians
• (instead encouraged to go to GA, Nova Scotia, FL)

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Pontiacs War

• Collection of Indian tribes attacking British
  forts
• How did the British fix this problem?
• They handed out blankets infested with small pox

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Sugar Act

• Duties (taxes) on Madeira wine, coffee, and
  molasses (largest tax)
• Colonists got French molasses certified as
  British

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Currency Quartering Act

• Currency no more paper money could be printed
  in colonies
• (Problem with specie - where would it end up?)
• Quartering colonists had to host British
  soldiers when marching between areas in homes and
  public areas

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The Stamp Act

• Tax on printed goods (already used in Britain)
• (land titles, contracts, court docs., playing
  cards, books newspapers)
• Had to be paid in cold hard cash
• Money would stay in colonies, but distributed by
  colonial governors (not elected assembly)

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Stamp Act (cont)

• Widespread anger b/c affected everyone
• Local assemblies passed resolutions condemning
  Act
• Anger taxation without representation

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Political Cartoon mocking Stamp Act 1775
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Repealing the Stamp Act

• Violence
• Liberty Tree hung effigy of deserving
• Burning of Lt. Govs house
• Sons of Liberty
• Eventually Nullified in all 13 colonies

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Sons of Liberty
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Townshend Acts

• New duties in colonial ports on imports the
  colonists could only buy from Britain
• Tea, paper, glass, red white lead (for
  painters)
• BUT also lowered tax on tea in Britain what was
  his real motive?

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Britain is angry

• Occupies port of Boston and surrounding area
• Leads to growing anger between colonial
  assemblies and Crown

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The Bloody (Boston) Massacre

• Background
• February 22 1770 customs official fired his gun
  at rioters killed 11 year old
• Still angry, a group confronts soldiers guarding
  customs house on King Street (threw snowballs and
  rocks _at_ soldiers)
• Amid confusion, rioter struck by gun and then
  shots were fired
• 4 killed right away, one died later

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Boston Massacre (cont)

• Propaganda ensured it stayed in publics mind
• (Paul Reveres engraving was distributed in
  newspapers throughout colonies)
• Led to evacuation of troops, repeal of most of
  Townshend duties.
• (March 5 day of public mourning for next 13
  yrs.)

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The Tea Act

• Repealed duties on imported in Britain but not in
  colonies
• Gave Britain monopoly of tea imports in colonies

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Tea Act Protests

• Spread to rural areas
• Committee of Correspondence
• Purpose 1. warn neighboring colonies
  about incidents w/ Britain
• 2. broaden resistance movement
• (should have been good more revenue for Br.
  East India Company, and cheap tea to colonists)
• Backfired!

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Tea Paaaarrrrttyy!!!!!

• December 16th , 1773 Patriot leaders and working
  men boarded ships dressed as Mohawk Indians threw
  342 chests of tea into the sea
• Became powerful symbol of AMERICAN resistance

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Party Like its 1773!!
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Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts

1. Port Bill closed Port of Boston until tea was
   paid for
2. Government Act revoked charter allowing MA to
   elect council one town meeting a year
3. New Quartering Act army officers stay at
   colonists homes at their expense
4. Administration of Justice British officials
   will go to trial in another colony or England

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Some British sympathized with the American
Colonists
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Here is Paul Reveres Version
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First Continental Congress 1774

• Delegates from 12 colonies met at Carpenters
  Hall
• Adopted nonexportation resolution
• No legislation w/o consent
• Petitioned King

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Lexington Concord

• The British Are Coming
• Paul Revere William Dawes make their midnight
  ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British
  soldiers.

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The Shot Heard Around the World
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The Second Continental Congress 1775

• Formed the Continental Army
• Made George Washington Commanding General
• Remained in session for over 10 yrs
• Issued the Deceleration of the Causes and
  Necessities of Taking Up Arms

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INDEPENDENCE

• Publication of Common Sense by Thomas Paine

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INDEPENDENCE
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Independence Hall
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New National Symbols