Rebuilding Alabama

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Rebuilding Alabama
Presentation by Tara Green, 4th grade teacher

• Chapter 6

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1

• Think about a time when you and another person
  got into an argument. How did you resolve it? Did
  you ever regain your friendship?
• TURN and TALK

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1

• Think about a time when you and another person
  got into an argument. How did you resolve it? Did
  you ever regain your friendship?
• Much like an argument you may have gotten in,
  the northern and southern states disagreed,
  physically fought, then eventually reunited. Even
  though the actual fight was overmany
  consequences followed. Though we may make up with
  our friends, there are always apologies that need
  to be made and trust must be earned back. This
  was the also the situation with Alabama becoming
  a part of the U.S. after the Civil War.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1

• The end of the Civil War brought many changes to
  Alabama, but the most dramatic was the end of
  slavery.
• Before the war, almost half of the people in
  Alabama were in slavery. But after the war,
  everyone was free.
• White Alabamians who had supported the Union were
  excited about a new and different state.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Picking Up
the Pieces

• No one knows for sure how many Alabamians died in
  the war, but 20,000 of the 90,000 that served
  never returned home. Another 20,000 came back
  wounded.
• Alabamas economy was in terrible condition
  confederate money was worthless, large cities had
  been destroyed, many goods had not been available
  before the war, crops had not been planted,
  animals were lost, stolen, or eaten, and there
  were no slaves to work large farms and
  plantations.
• There also wasnt much government. Local
  officials, judges, and sheriffs werent sure how
  much authority they had.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Picking Up
the Pieces

• President Lincoln announced his plan for
  Reconstruction (remaking the governments of the
  Confederate states so that they could be
  readmitted to the Union.
• Lincolns plan nullify the Ordinance of
  Secession (cancel the succession), ratify the
  13th Amendment (to follow the law that ended
  slavery), swear an oath of loyalty to the United
  States though they could not vote, and promise to
  pay back any debts from the war.
• April 14, 1865- John Wilkes Booth, who supported
  the southern cause, assassinated President
  Lincoln. He was shot while attending a play at
  Fords Theater in Washington D.C.
• After Lincolns death, no one was sure if his
  plan for Reconstruction would ever go into
  effect, but Vice President Andrew Johnson
  announced that Lincolns plan would still be
  followed.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Black
Alabamians and Reconstruction

• During the Reconstruction, slaves began to find
  out what freedom meant, but needed help. Congress
  created Freedmens Bureau, which distributed food
  and clothing to former slaves as well as poor
  whites. It also opened school and found former
  slaves jobs.
• Some northerners came to the south to make money.
  They came with their belongings in a suitcase
  made of carpet, so they were called
  carpetbaggers.
• Many carpetbaggers came to invest money in the
  state and became good citizens, but others were
  dishonest.
• Freedmen became allies with the white Alabamians
  that had opposed the war. They hoped that blacks
  would help them keep the wealthy planters form
  controlling the state government. These white
  Alabamians were known as scalawags.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Politics
After the War

• President Johnson appointed Lewis Parsons as
  governor. He took office in June 1865 and met to
  draw up a constitution that would allow Alabama
  to be readmitted into the Union.
• 6 months later, Robert Patton was sworn into
  office as governor. Most Alabamians thought the
  state was reconstructed, but a group called the
  Radical Republicans believed that the southern
  states were still under the control of the
  Confederates that were not doing much to protect
  the freedmen.
• To fix the problem, March 1867 the Radical
  Republicans passed the 1st Reconstruction Act
  that removed elected officials from office and
  placed the state under military rule.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Politics
After the War

• The act stated that black and white men who had
  not been leaders in the Confederate military
  would create a new constitution for the state. It
  had to be approved by US Congress.
• Finally, the voters had to obey the 14th
  Amendment. This amendment made former slaves
  citizens if the United States.
• October 1867-citizens (even freed men) voted on
  having a constitutional convention. The vote
  favored a convention and 18 blacks were a part of
  the 100 delegates elected.
• This convention wrote the constitution of 1868.
  In this constitution, many northern ideas were
  express, women gained some rights, and it
  required that one fifth of all the states
  revenue() support public education.
• ALABAMA RETURNED TO THE UNION!!!

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Freedom
and Politics

• Congressmen could now be elected and sent to
  Washington D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress.
  Some blacks were even voted into these positions.
• James Thomas Rapier
• -born November 13, 1837
• -son of a free black barber
• -educated in Canada lawyer
• -came back to Al. to write for a northern
  newspaper
• -became a successful cotton planter and got
  involved in politics
• -served in the 1st Republican convention
• -representative to the U.S. Congress

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Freedom
and Politics

• Congressmen could now be elected and sent to
  Washington D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress.
  Some blacks were even voted into these positions.
• Jeremiah Haralson
• -born April 1, 1846
• -born into slavery
• -educated himself minister
• -moved to Al. and elected to state house of
  representatives and state senate and later
  worked for the federal government
• -he must have felt the tug of adventure
  because he moved all around the southern
  states, then to Oklahoma, and then to Colorado
  where he was killed by wild beasts.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Freedom
and Politics

• Congressmen could now be elected and sent to
  Washington D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress.
  Some blacks were even voted into these positions.
• Benjamin Turner
• -born 1825
• -born into slavery in North Carolina
• -he managed a hotel in Selma for his owner
• -by the end of the Civil War, he had over
  10,000 in savings
• -1870 he became the 1st black man from Alabama
  to be elected to Congress

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Review
Questions

• About how many Alabamians died during the Civil
  War?
• Who were the freedmen?
• Name 2 requirements that Alabama had to meet to
  reenter the Union.
• Why is the 13th Amendment important?
• How did carpetbaggers get their name?

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1- Review
Answers

• About 20,000 Alabamians died during the Civil
  War.
• The freedmen were former slaves that now had
  their freedom.
• Some requirements that Alabama had to meet to
  reenter the Union were ratify the 13th Amendment,
  swear an oath of loyalty, and pay back debts
• The 13th Amendment is important because it
  outlawed slavery in the United States.
• Carpetbaggers got their name because they came
  from the north to the south carrying all their
  belongings in a suitcase made of carpet.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 1 Activity

• In order for Alabama to be readmitted to the
  Union, they had to do many things. Discuss with
  your group the requirements the southern states
  had to meet in order to be readmitted to the
  Union. Think about all the consequences of the
  Civil War and the damage caused by the secession
  of the southern states.
• 1. Fold a sheet of paper two times so that when
  unfolded, 3 columns are shown. Trace the columns
  with a pencil.
• 2. Head your columns with the following headings
  Requirements I Agree With, Requirements I
  Disagree With, and Additional Requirements
• 3. Requirements I Agree With - List the
  requirements that you agree should be met by the
  southern states before being readmitted to the
  Union.
• 4.Requirements I Disagree With - List the
  requirements that you do not think should be met
  by the southern states before being readmitted to
  the Union.
• 5.Additional Requirements List at least 2 other
  requirements that you feel should have been met
  before being readmitted to the Union.
• Illustrate each column

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A

• 3-2-1
• In your notebook complete the following
• List 3 requirements Alabama had to meet to
  reenter the Union
• List 2 problems that freedmen were now
  experiencing
• List 1 word to describe the south during this
  time period

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- Land
Grant Colleges

• Morrill Land-Grant Act was passed in 1862 to help
  support colleges that would prepare young people
  for practical careers like engineering,
  agriculture, and veterinary medicine.
• The college at Auburn (AUBURN UNIVERSITY ?)-named
  Alabamas land grant college in 1872.
• 1890- Agricultural and Mechanical College at
  Huntsville was given land grant funds
• 1899-Tuskegee Institute (Tuskegee University)
  received land grant status

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William
Savery Man of Vision

• William Savery taught himself to read and write
  will doing his work as a slave carpenter
• After the war, he continued his interest in
  education and began educating other former slaves
• Attended a Freedmens Bureau convention in Mobile
  in 1865. He then decided to start a school in the
  home of David White.
• They hired a young teacher and asked the
  Freedmens Bureau to get more teachers but he
  still wanted more
• With the help of General Wager Swayne and the
  American Missionary Association, Savery bought an
  old white Baptist college (Oct. 1867)
• A month later-140 students enrolled in the new
  Talladega College
• He continued to work closely with the college
  until his death

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- The End
of Reconstruction

• Many white Alabamians, former confederates and
  members of the Democratic Party, didnt agree
  with reconstruction
• They didnt believe that slaves should have
  rights that were now taken away from their former
  masters, didnt like carpetbaggers holding high
  political offices, and they wanted things to
  return to the ways they were before the Civil
  War.
• Some disagreed peacefully but others turned to
  violence.
• Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-secret club that terrorized
  blacks and white Republicans to keep them from
  voting. They wore white robes, pointed hoods,
  masks, and rode around frightening, beating, and
  even killing these people.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William
Savery The End of Reconstruction

• Many Alabamians did not agree with the ways of
  the KKK, it took an act of Congress in 1870 and
  federal troops to stop the violence they caused.
• Klan activity decreased when Congress gave former
  Confederates the right to vote again.
• 1874-Democrats elected George Houston as
  governor.
• Over the next 3 years Union troops left the
  state, most carpetbaggers left, and scalawags had
  very little power.
• Conservative white Democrats were now in control
  and Reconstruction was over.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William
Savery After Reconstruction

• You may think things would have been different
  now that freedmen were allowed to vote, but white
  Democrats regained power because they could
  control the black vote.
• The wealthy Democrats controlled the jobs of the
  freed slaves and white farmers because the freed
  slaves had no money to buy land and many of the
  white farmers had lost their property. Those who
  owned large plantations needed help working the
  land. Sharecropping then developed.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 A- William
Savery After Reconstruction

• Sharecropping-large landowners would give a
  sharecropper a place to live, seed, equipment,
  and anything else needed to make a crop.
• The share cropper would then plant, harvest, and
  sell his crop giving a portion of the profit to
  the landowner
• Tenant Farming was the same as sharecropping
  except they usually owned their own livestock and
  equipment
• Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops,
  tended the farm animals, worked in the garden,
  and looked after siblings. They didnt have time
  to go to school because their family needed them
  to work on the farm.
• Because the large land owners controlled the
  lives of the sharecroppers and tenant farmers,
  they had a lot of political power because they
  could influence how they voted.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A- Review
Questions

• What was the Ku Klux Klan?
• How did the Democrats gain control of the Alabama
  government?
• What was life like for the child of a
  sharecropper?

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A- Answers

• The Ku Klux Klan was a secret club that
  terrorized blacks and white Republicans to keep
  them from voting.
• The Democrats gained control of the Alabama
  government when the Confederates were given the
  right to vote, elected their candidate as
  governor, and sent out Union troops.
• Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops,
  tended the farm animals, worked in the garden,
  and looked after siblings. They didnt have time
  to go to school because their family needed them
  to work on the farm.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A

• If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer
  in Alabama, what would you do or where would you
  go for help. Rememberyou and your family need
  things like food, shelter, education, and a way
  to earn money. Explain your thinking.
• Turn and Talk
• Be ready to discuss your thoughts with the rest
  of the class.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2A

• If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer
  in Alabama, what would you do or where would you
  go for help. Rememberyou and your family need
  things like food, shelter, education, and a way
  to earn money. Explain your thinking.
• Possible responses Freedmans Bureau, family
  members, sharecropping, tenant farming

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B-
Villages, Towns, and Cities

• Urban areas (city)-Men worked as store keepers,
  doctors, lawyers, and teachers.
• They had public and private schools. There were
  school and they were in session longer because
  children didnt have to work. If families living
  in the country had money, then they sent their
  children to boarding schools.
• Schools in town were better than those in rural
  areas (country).
• Schools were segregated-separate schools for
  white and black. Schools attended by black
  children didnt receive as much money.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B-
Birmingham

• Birmingham was known as a New South city of
  industry.
• It was called the Magic City because it sprang
  suddenly from an old cornfield.
• The closest town was Elyton and they didnt want
  a railroad to come through their town, so
  Birmingham began as a railroad crossroads.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Industry
and Transportation

• Many Alabamians left the farms for towns and
  cities. Foreigners settled in the larger cities.
  Mobile and Birmingham had many immigrants living
  there.
• Before the Civil War, Birmingham had not existed.
  During Reconstruction, people became interested
  in all its natural resources that were able to
  produce iron and steel (iron ore, limestone, and
  coal).
• Work in Birmingham was plentiful and people came
  from all over the South as well as other
  countries to live there. Birmingham was on its
  way to becoming the largest and most diverse city
  in the state.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Railroads

• Railroads were the main reason towns and cities
  grew during the years after the Reconstruction.
• Railroads connected towns and offered access to
  places outside the state.
• Dothan, Monroeville, Anniston, and Birmingham
  became major market centers because of the
  railroad.
• They also allowed Alabama cotton and iron to be
  shipped overland to markets outside the state.
• Alabama goods could now compete on the world
  market, which offered more jobs and opportunities
  to Alabamians.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2 B- Cotton
Mill Towns

• Cotton mills helped improve Alabamas economy.
  They were built close to where the cotton was
  grown.
• Alabamas thread and cloth could be more cheaply
  produced in the state than in New England or
  Europe because mills were built close to where
  cotton was grown and wages were low.
• These industries were usually located along a
  fall line, where waterpower was available.
• Life for cotton mill families were a lot like the
  lives of sharecroppers. Everyone workedeven
  children. The owner of the mill provided housing
  and credit so workers could buy food, clothing,
  and other goods. Many owners built schools,
  churches, company stores, recreational halls, and
  medical clinics.
• Many Alabamians wanted to live in cotton mill
  towns

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2B- Review
Questions

• Name 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after
  Reconstruction.
• What was the main reason for the growth of many
  Alabama cities after the Civil War?
• Where were most cotton mills located?

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 2B- Review
Questions

• 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after
  Reconstruction were public, private, and boarding
  schools.
• Railroads were the main reason for the growth of
  many Alabama cities after the Civil War.
• Most cotton mills were located along a fall line
  where cotton was grown.

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Lesson 2 Activity

• 1 Pager
• Step 1 Your teacher will assign your group one
  of the following topics Freedmens Bureau, Ku
  Klux Klan, Sharecropping, Industry,
  Transportation, Schools, and Cotton Mill Towns.
  Your group will be an EXPERT group on this topic.
  Your job is to teach the class about your topic.
• Step 2 In the middle of a sheet chart paper,
  you should illustrate a scene that involves your
  groups topic. Use your textbook pictures to
  guide you. Illustration must be true to the time
  period.
• Step 2 Any where on the paper, write 5 words
  that you think are important in learning the
  information in this lesson. These words can be
  words used in the textbook.
• Step 3 At the top of the page-write 3 facts
  about your topic you learned in the lesson. Be
  sure these facts are meaningful to this lesson on
  life in Alabama during the late 1800s.
• Step 4 Answer the following question at the
  bottom of your paper by using the question as
  part of your answer
• How is your life different/like a child living
  in Alabama during the late 1800s? Use details
  from the text to support your comparison.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Apaches in
Alabama

• September 1886- Geronimo, an Apache war chief and
  500 other Apache Indians surrendered to General
  Miles in Arizona and were sent to Fort Pickens
  near Pensacola, Florida and others to old army
  barracks in Mount Vernon, Alabama.
• They were not used to the rainy weather and the
  shortage of food and medicine.
• Many died of Tuberculosis (TB)
• After a while, things improved. Some of the men
  worked with local farmers and were able to row
  and buy better food.
• 1894, the Apaches were moved to Oklahoma but
  conditions there were not much better.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- The
Spanish American War

• 1898-U.S. went to war with Spain. Cuba (a Spanish
  colony) was fighting for its independence.
  Americans wanted to help Cuba gain freedom so the
  U.S. sent a battleship, the Maine, to Cuba
• While the Maine was in Havana Harbor it was
  blown up. April 1898, the U.S. declared war on
  Spain.
• Many Alabamians wanted to fight in this war to
  prove their loyalty to the Unites States after
  all that had happened during the Civil War.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- The
Spanish American War

• Though not everyone who enlisted actually fought,
  many Alabamians did and became heroes.
• Joseph Fighting Joe Wheeler
• -a confederate general at 28
• -an excellent officer in the Spanish-American
  War
• -a symbol of southern loyalty to the U.S.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- The
Spanish American War

• Richmond Pearson Hobson
• -a graduate of the U.S naval academy
• -was captured during the war while bravely
  attempting to sink a boat and trap a Spanish
  fleet
• -later served as a U.S. Congressman
• -was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1933

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- The
Spanish American War

• Dr. William Crawford Gorgas
• -an army physician (doctor)
• -was sent to Cuba where hundreds of soldiers
  were dying of yellow fever
• -he concluded that yellow fever was carried by
  mosquitoes
• -he was able to lower the cases of yellow fever
  by having oil sprayed on water where mosquitoes
  laid there eggs
• -became the surgeon general of the United States
  

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Annie
Wheeler The Angel of Santiago

• Fighting Joe Wheelers daughter Annie made her
  own mark in the world.
• She wanted to go to Cuba with her father to help
  the wounded soldiers but could not.
• She eventually found her way to Cuba and worked
  with Clara Barton (founder of the Red Cross)
• Because of her work with the soldiers, she was
  called the Angel of Santiago
• She moved back home to Alabama when her father
  died in 1906.
• She left home again during World War to serve in
  the Red Cross in England and France
• She returned home and continued to care for the
  sick and needy until her death in 1955. Her home
  (Pond Springs) is open to visitors.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Alabama at
the End of the Century

• 1888-1892 Farm prices were low and farmers were
  having a hard time paying their bills and taking
  care of their families.
• Small farmers supported Reuben Kolb for governor
  because he was an agricultural reformer.
• They founded a political party called the
  Populist Party because it stood for helping poor
  black and white farmers.
• They were never able to elect Kolb

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Alabama at
the End of the Century

• Late 1890s- many Alabamians felt the future was
  bright cotton mills, steel mills, and mines were
  offering jobs, towns were growing, stores were
  opening, people talked of progress, and railroads
  were the link to other places.
• Sadly, not everyone shared in this prosperity.
  Sharecroppers and mill workers were in debt and
  barely taking care of their families.
• Alabamians remained in good spirits by fishing,
  hunting, playing baseball, going to church,
  attending company dinners, and celebrating the
  4th of July by having picnics, contests, and
  parades. Many children passed the time by playing
  hopscotch, marbles, and hide and seek. They also
  invented new games.
• As the new century began, they looked forward
  with hope for a period of increased prosperity
  and progress.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Review
Questions

• What happened to the Maine?
• Name 2 heroes of the Spanish American War from
  Alabama.
• What disease did William Crawford Gorgas help
  fight against?
• At the end of the 1800s, what 3 industries
  offered new job opportunities to Alabamians?
• Name 3 favorite activities of Alabama children
  during this time.

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Chapter 6Rebuilding AlabamaLesson 3- Review
Questions

• The Maine was blown up in the Havana Harbor.
• 2 heroes of the Spanish American War from Alabama
  were Fighting Joe Wheeler and Richard Pearson
  Hobson.
• William Crawford Gorgas helped fight against
  yellow fever.
• At the end of the 1800s, the 3 industries that
  offered new job opportunities to Alabamians were
  cotton mills, steel mills, and mines.
• 3 favorite activities of Alabama children during
  this time were marbles, hopscotch, and hide and
  seek.

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Chapter 6 Activity

• Venn Diagram
• Step 1 On a sheet of chart paper, your group
  should compare and contrast Alabama before the
  Civil War (A), After the Civil War (B), and
  Alabama today (C) . Use as many details from the
  textbook as possible
• Step 2 Answer the following question on your
  chart paper by using the question as part of your
  answer
• Would you rather be an Alabamian before the
  Civil War, After the Civil War, or TODAY? Explain
  why you feel this way. Give many reasons to
  validate your opinion.
• Extension On your chart paper, illustrate a day
  in Alabama during the late 1800s (during the
  Reconstruction).

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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• mercantile

Relating to merchants and the goods they sell
47
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• carpetbagger

Northerners who came south after the war for
political or economic gain
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• scalawag

Southerners who supported Reconstruction in order
to take advantage of other Southerners
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• Freedmens Bureau

Distributed food and clothing to former slaves
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• Radical Republicans

A group that passed the 1st Reconstruction Act
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• sharecropper

A person who gave part of the proceeds of crop
sales to landowner in exchange for rent and seeds
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• Populist Party

Stood for helping poor white and black farmers
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• Market center

Locations in which goods are produced and/or
traded
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review

• speculator

People who engage in risky business ventures that
offer the chance of large profits