Major Objectives

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Major Objectives
1. What are the two key roles of mitotic cell
division? 2. Understand the different phases of
the mitotic cell cycle and the regulation of the
cell cycle (checkpoints) and how normal cells
vary from cancer cells 3. Understand the phases
of mitosis 4. Know how cytokinesis differs
between plant and animal cells
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Two key roles of mitotic cell division
1. Cell division functions in reproduction,
growth, and repair
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2. Cell division distributes identical sets of
chromosomes to daughter cells
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What is DNA? How does DNA work?
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzwibgNGe4aY
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Mitotic Cell Cycle
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Interphase (4 subphases)
G0 Phase-Cell leaves cell cycle.
G1 Phase-Centered on growth.
Cells increase in size, produce RNA and
synthesize protein. G1 Checkpoint ensures that
everything is ready for DNA synthesis.
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Interphase (4 subphases)
S Phase Synthesis-chromosomes copied.
To produce two similar daughter cells, the
complete DNA instructions in the cell must be
duplicated DNA replication occurs.
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Interphase (4 subphases)
G2 Phase-Cell completes preparations for cell
division.
Cell continues to grow and produce new proteins.
G2 Checkpoint to determine if the cell can
proceed to enter Mitosis and divide.
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Mitosis or M Phase
Cell growth and protein production stop at this
stage in the cell cycle. Division into two
similar daughter cells.
Mitosis checkpoint ensures the cell is ready to
complete cell division.
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3 Checkpoints
G1 Checkpoint
G2 Checkpoint
Mitosis Checkpoint
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Normal Cells vs Cancer Cells
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8LhQllh46yI
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Cytokinesis
-Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis
Animals-Cleavage furrow in the cell surface forms
and the ring pinches the cell in two
Plants-Cell plate is formed during telophase and
the plate enlarges until its membranes fuse with
plasma membrane
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Mitosis in Plants- A review
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Plant Interphase
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 Plant Prophase

• Cell prepares for nuclear division by
• condensing DNA into movable packages called
  chromosomes

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 Plant Metaphase

• Cell prepares chromosomes for division by
• aligning chromosomes at cell equator
• attaching spindle fibers from each new daughter
  cell pole to each chromosome at the centromere

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 Plant Anaphase

• Chromosomes divide
• spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart
• one-half of each chromosome (chromatid) moves to
  a new daughter cell

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Plant Telophase

• Cytoplasm divides
• DNA de-condenses and two nuclei form
• new cell wall (cell plate) appears between the
  two nuclei to form two new daughter cells

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Mitosis in Animals- A review
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Prophase
Double chromatin chromosomes present and nuclear
envelope disappears
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Metaphase
Double chromatin chromosomes lineup in single
file on metaphase equator of the cell
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Anaphase
Centromeres divide and single chromatin
chromosomes move towards opposite poles of cell
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Telophase
Cytokinesis begins (cleavage furrow). Nuclear
envelope begins to reform around single chromatin
chromosomes
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis complete, chromosomes disappear,
chromatin reforms, and 2 new daughter cells enter
G1 phase cell cycle
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Mitosis Video Review
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vVlN7K1-9QB0
http//www.bing.com/videos/search?qmitosisvideo
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