Conflict in Darfur

1
Conflict in Darfur
2
(No Transcript)
3
Geography

• Darfur is located in the western region of Sudan
• Approximately the size of Texas
• N. and W. Darfur border Chad on the west
• S. Darfur borders the Central African Republic

4
The Background

• Conflict between Arab Muslims in North and black
  Tribal Natives in South
• Civil War since 1955
• Different religions and races
• Imposing of Islamic law (North) on non-Muslim
  South

5
Fuel to the Fire

• Environmental Issues scarcity of water and
  arable land led to increased conflict
• Oil deposits in South North hoards revenue
  (Govt. Corruption)
• Southern people feel neglected and taken
  advantage of (economic wealth)

6
REBELLION

• 2003 Two Southern rebel groups, Sudan
  Liberation Movement (SLM/A) and the Justice and
  Equality Movement (JEM) attacked Sudan Govt.
  Military installations.
• Sudanese Govt. Militia The Janjaweed (Arab
  group) receive govt. support to clear civilians
  considered disloyal.

7
Violent Conflict Ensues

• Systematic killing of civilians by the Janjaweed
  Ethnic Cleansing want to eliminate native
  black tribes.
• standard procedure rape and murder
• 300,000 deaths from violence
• 3 million plus have been forcibly displaced due
  to attacks and raids.
• 250,000 deaths due to disease/malnutrition
  resulting from displacement.

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Genocide

• United States Congress in 2004 declared the
  situation in Darfur a genocide
• the deliberate and systematic extermination of
  a national, racial, political, or cultural
  group.

12
Help is on the way?!?

• 7,000 African Union Troops deployed to lead peace
  talks and mediate conflict - AMIS serve as
  observers - no mandate to protect citizens.
  Sudan reluctantly accepted.
• Some camps set up for the displaced, only half
  receive aid - shortage of essential resources.
• Sudan govt. disrupts delivery
• of aid

13
Finally, a Solution?

• United Nations taking over for the A.U. with most
  powerful member leading the way (USA) mission
  UNAMID, a joint African Union and United Nations
  peacekeeping mission implemented 2007-08
• More aggressive mandates and peace-keeping
  objectives
• Bush Administration pushed for funding for
  man-power and resources (20,000 peace keepers
  with a more appropriate mandate/objective)

14

• Republic of South Sudan
• Independent state as of July 9, 2011
• Citizens voted to break away with 99 of the
  vote.
• Darfur
• Western Sudan state still governed by Khartoum

15
Southern Referendum Response

• In what ways can Darfur be affected now that
  Southern Sudan has broken away from the North?
• Should the genocide in Darfur resume, in what
  ways should the U.S. increase its pressure on the
  government of Sudan?