Six Major Nutrients

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Six MajorNutrients

• HUM-FNW-4 Evaluate Nutritional information in
  relation to wellness or individuals and families
• HUM-FNW-4.1 Identify basic nutrient information
  i.e. nutrient classes and major sources of each.

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Words to Know!

• NUTRITION - is the science that studies how body
  makes use of food.
• DIET - is everything you eat and drink.

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NUTRIENTS

• Chemicals found in foods critical to human growth
  Development
• Nutrients
• Supply energy
• Help build cells and tissues
• Regulate body processes

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Malnutrition

• Poor nutrition over an extended period of time.
• Body does not get what it needs from food
• Body does not have the nutrients it needs for
• energy, growth, repair and the regulation of
• various body processes.

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Malnutrition Cont.

• Causes overweight and underweight health
  situations
• Delays or inhibits growth and development as well
  as resistance to diseases in children
• Affects teenage girls in childbearing years
• Severely affects unborn child in pregnant women
• Affects your health and life span

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The Process of Satisfying Hunger

1. You need energy
2. You feel hungry
3. You eat to get rid of hunger
4. You feel satisfied
5. You need more energy
6. The cycle repeats again

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What Food Does for You

• It provides energy for daily activity
• It gives you raw material
• Eating is an enjoyable activity

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Six Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fat
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water

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Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.
• Mainly from Plant sources
• Whole Grains (important for fiber)
• Fiber Non digestible (20-30g/day at age 5)
• Two Types Simple and Complex
• 4 calories per gram
• All must be broken down into simple sugars for
  the body to absorb them.
• Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose
  starch and cellulose.

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Protein

• The chemical building blocks of the body needed
  for growth, maintenance repair of tissues.
• Repair body tissue, immune system
• 1/5th of the entire body weight
• Excess protein is stored as fat
• Chains of amino acids (22 needed 9 essential)
• 4 calories per gram
• Kwashiorkor diseased caused from deficiency
• Complete proteins animal sources soy
• Incomplete proteins missing 1 key amino acid

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Fats

• Fats are another source of energy.
• It also protects against temperature changes.
• Promote Healthy Skin Cell Growth
• Saturated fats RAISE ? cholesterol
• Unsaturated fats may LOWER ? cholesterol
• Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated oils
• Hydrogenation Crisco
• Trans fatty acids partially hydrogenated oils
• 9 calories/gram
• Energy Source transport nutrients (fat soluable
  vitamins)
• Excess Stored as fat in the body
• Cholesterol LDL ? Bad HDL ? Good
• Adds flavor to our foods

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Vitamins

• Vitamins help regulate body functions.
• Keep the body tissue healthy help systems
  function properly.
• Fat Soluble A,D,EK
• Water Soluble C B
• Organic substances
• A vision, beta carotene, dark green leafy
  yellow orange veggies
• D Calcium absorption, sunshine vitamin,
  fortified milk, rickets
• E Antioxidant, clear skin, nuts oils, green
  leafy veggies
• K clotting of the blood, green leafy veggies,
  daily, egg yolks

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Vitamins Cont.

• C Immune System, ascorbic acid, maintains
  healthy bones, teeth, iron absorption,
  antioxidants scurvy
• B is in all grains
• Niacin b3 nervous system and carbs to energy
  pellagra
• Riboflavin b2 turns carbs to energy
• Thiamin b1 turns carbs to energy, nervous
  system, beri beri.
• Folate not enough causes birth defects, builds
  red blood cells with b12. Green leafy veggies
  Grains

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Minerals

• Minerals help your body work properly.
• Macro Micro minerals (trace minerals)
• Inorganic
• Calcium bone growth, osteoporosis
• Phosphorus with calcium, building body cells.
• Sodium chlorine, potassium, osmosis fluid
  balance
• Iron Carries oxygen to the blood
• Zinc body heals, growth of tissue
• Fluorine strengthens teeth (Water)
• Iodine bodies use of energy (Iodized Salt)

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Water

• Water is essential to our body because it carries
  nutrients.
• Critical for survival
• 60 of your body is water
• 80 of blood is water
• Need in most chemical reactions in the body
• Hydration
• Temperature control of the body
• Weight 3 8oz glasses/day is needed
• Sources water, juice, milk, fruit, soup etc.

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How Much Should You Eat?

• It depends on three factors
• Gender
• Activity level
• Age