Money for US!

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Inquiry
and
Reading in the Content Areas
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Inquiry by Design authored byDr. Emily C.
Alford, Instructional Designs, Inc.

• Major writers and developers
• Lori Hinton
• Phyllis Hostmeyer

• Major contributors
• Renee Brown
• Katie Marsh
• Lynne Newton
• Gloria Oggero

Project Director and Manager Vicki DeWitt
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Brainstorm

• Working in teams, create a list of wants -- what
  do you dream of owning?
• What are you doing to achieve your dreams?
• What if you want to achieve your dreams within
  the next six months?
• Well -- do we have an opportunity for you!

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Lemonade Stand

• Go to your CD drive
• Begin the Lemonade Stand Game
• Make decisions concerning advertising
• Make decisions concerning price of lemonade and
  the amount you will make.
• Click on GO
• Copy your information to the data sheet.
• See how much money you can make in 2 weeks.

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Profit / Loss ?

• Operate your stand for 14 days.
• Complete your data sheet.

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An Invitation

• How would you develop a plan for an after school
  business and a way to advertise to people in your
  community?
• Your plan needs to include the following
• How will you gather information on consumers
  wants?
• What will influence the consumers choices?
• As a producer, what resources do you need to meet
  supply and demand?
• How will you advertise your goods or service?

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Vocabulary Activity

• You will be given a list of words that must be
  used in a sentence.
• Please keep the words in the order they are
  given.
• Please do not change the form of the words.
• Example supply-much-demand-people
• The supply of food was much too small to meet
  the demand stated by the people.
• Original Sentence So we have supply, which is
  how much of something you have, and demand, which
  is how much of something we want.

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Use the worksheet, My Vocabulary List and find
out how authors use these words. Record your
answers on the worksheet.
Word Use in Text Article/Book Page
needs
demands
employ
goods
price
wants
producers
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Modeling the Inquiry Method Buying a car? Taking
a trip? Senior going to college? Caring for a
sick relative?

• Encountering the Issue

• Task Analysis

• Investigating Information

• Reasoning with Information

• Acting on Decisions

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Read Reflect
What strategies do we use to comprehend text?
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Seven Comprehension Strategies
Making Connections
Asking Questions
Determining Importance
Visualizing
Drawing Inferences
Synthesizing
Repairing Comprehension
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Why is it important to read nonfiction text?
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Comprehension Strategies

• Making Connections

Asking Questions
Drawing Inferences
Determining Importance
Synthesizing
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• The questions that p________ face as they raise
  ch______ from in________ to adult life are not
  easy to an__________. Both fa______ and m_______
  can become concerned when health problems such as
  co___________ arise any time after the
  e___________ stage to later life. Experts
  recommend that young ch_________ should have
  plenty of s_______ and nutritious food for
  healthy growth. B______ and g______ should not
  share the same b________ or even sleep in the
  same r_____. They may be afraid of the d_____.

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Getting Started
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Semantic Features Chart
Definition Examples Other interesting facts
Supply
Demand
Needs
Wants
Interde-pendence
Industry
Goods
Services
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Essential QuestionWhat car should I get
thatmeets the needs of myfamily and ...
Essential Question
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Stages of Inquiry in the Classroom

• Encountering the Issue
• getting the big idea
• making connections

• Making Connections
• Text to text, text to self, text to
• world
• Open and closed word sorts

• Task Analysis
• defining the task
• asking questions

• Asking Questions
• Right there, think and search
• Author and you, in your head

• Investigating Information
• seeking, organizing, analyzing,
• applying to project

• Determining Importance
• Features, structures of text
• Note taking, graphic organizers
• Facts to main ideas, summaries

• Reasoning with Information
• evaluating, creating, judging,
• inferring, visualizing
• making decisions

• Inferring and Visualizing
• creating models
• using text clues and prior knowledge
• using implicit explicit information to reach
  conclusions (author and you)

• Synthesizing
• text to text, self and world
• applying to new settings and contexts
• in your head

• Acting on Decisions
• synthesizing
• communicating findings

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Inquiry...

• provides a purpose for readingan opportunity to
  read to learn
• provides the opportunity for application of
  explicit reading strategies
• gives students access to quality nonfiction texts
• increases student enthusiasm for reading
  nonfiction
• allows teachers to more easily differentiate
  instruction

• positions important content so that
• students make connections to self,
• world, and text

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Text-to-Self

• Connections that readers make between the text
  and their past experiences or background
  knowledge.
• Goudvis Harvey 2000

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Text-to-World

• Connections that readers make between the text
  and the bigger issues, events, or concerns of
  society and the world at large.
• Goudvis Harvey 2000

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Text to Text
Connections that readers make between the text
they are reading and another text. Goudvis
Harvey 2000
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Making Connections with Words
Vocabulary knowledge is the single most important
factor contributing to reading comprehension. J.
G. Laflamme, The effect of the Multiple Exposure
Vocabulary Method and the Target Reading Writing
Strategy on Test Scores. 1997
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Aspects of Content Area Vocabulary
Content vocabulary is rarely associated with
words that students already know.
p r e d a t o r
It consists of major concepts that undergrid a
lesson or a unit of study.
camouflage
adaptation
co2
o x y g e n
photosynthesis
nutrients
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Aspects of Content Area Vocabulary
Here is my shuttle with the astronaut crew that
Ill STASH with my cars. (The Bag Im Taking to
Grandmas House.) Here is the book I want to
read, PROPPED on my pillow.
natural resources
inflation
investments
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Aspects of Content Area Vocabulary Terms are
semantically related
Armbruster and Nagy, Vocabulary in content area
lessons. 1992
cirrus
cumulus
stratus
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Aesops Fable The Fox The Sick Lion
pounced
lair
semantically unrelated
morsel
grumbled
obviously
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Three properties of successful vocabulary
instruction

1. Integration (relating words to previous
   experiences)
2. Repetition
3. Meaningful use

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Open Word Sort
advertising buy charge choices company sell con
sumer decrease producers demand income increas
e loss market profit money needs
scarcity over supply prices goods services ind
ustry available capital employ supply human
resources wants natural resources fluctuate
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My Vocabulary List
Word Use in Text Article Page
needs      
demand      
employ      
goods      
price      
wants      
producers      
scarcity      
services    
supply      
capital    
choice      
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Word Use in Text Page
Safe
Loans
Money
Credit union
Bankrupt
Inflation
Profit
Investing
Deposit
Banks
Interest
insurance

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Making Connections With Words
Connect Two
advertising buy charge choices company sell con
sumer decrease producers demand income increas
e loss market profit money needs
scarcity over supply prices goods services ind
ustry available capital employ supply human
resources wants natural resources fluctuate
Scarcity and increase are connected because the
scarcity of a product causes the price to
increase.
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The Many Roads of Investing Banks
safe
investing
loans
deposit
insurance
money
profit
credit union
banks
inflation
bankrupt
interest
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Anticipation Guides
Making Connections
Team Text
Taxes on unnecessary things like cigarettes and
alcohol should be increased and taxes on food
decreased.
The amount of money people earn should determine
the percentage of taxes they pay. People who
earn more money should pay a larger percentage of
taxes than people who earn less.
Everyone should have their own retirement
accounts and the government should do away with
Social Security.
Taxation and Government Spending Where does the
money come from?
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Making Connections by Reflecting
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Response Logs
Making Connections

• reflecting on content

• encourage the use of evidence
• and examples that build meaning
• and limit irrelevant responses

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Journaling Connections...
I am really connecting with Niagara Falls again.
It is a very beautiful place. In the future, I
wish to go there again and take a lot of
pictures. As my parents said, You would make a
great photographer, Andrew. I really enjoy it
for its looks (physical characteristics) and the
beautiful things people have done with it (human
characteristics) like tunnels and stunts. It
fits all your vacation needs, great hotels and
scenes. Once I see more landmarks I will visit
Niagara Falls again. Earlier this week we made a
list of things that were part of physical
geography and human geography. The human list
largely outnumbered the physical. This has made
me realize how much we are changing the
environment to suit our (humans) own needs. I
have chaanged my environment in my living room to
suit my own needs. I moved all the furniture,
the treadmill, and the trampoline so I could
dance and practice. My mom made me put it all
back. I wish we could make humans put at least
some of it back.
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Mini Lessons for Making Connections

• Engaging the Learner (jigsaw and letter)
• (T/S, T/W, T/T)
• Open Sort/Closed Sort
• Connect Two
• Word Splash
• Anticipation Guides
• Reflection Journals

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Guided Practice

• Write the letter
• Select jigsaw materials and organizer
• Choose text for modeling connections Text to
  Self, World, and/or Text
• Select vocabulary strategy (open/closed sort,
  word splash, connect two) and create student
  handouts
• Create anticipation guide

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Comprehension Strategies

• Making Connections

Asking Questions
Drawing Inferences
Determining Importance
Synthesizing
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• Because the state is facing a large deficit,
  the governor is proposing to cut numerous
  services in order to save money and balance the
  budget.

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Readers ask questions to

• Find specific information
• Clarify confusion
• Construct meaning
• Discover new information

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Types of Questions

1. How many types of honey bees are there?
2. How many eggs does the queen lay?
3. What does the drone do?
4. Who feeds the larvae?
5. What do worker bees do for the colony?
6. What do bees do with pollen?
7. Where do bees live?

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Question/Answer Relationship (QAR)
IN THE BOOK Right There answer
in text, easy to find words used in question and
used in answer are in same sentence
IN MY HEAD Author and You answer not in text
must think about what is known, what text is
saying and how it fits together (inferring)
Think and Search words and answers come from
different parts of text (or books)
On My Own using experiences (schema)
to answer question
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Half of the QAR
In the Book (Gathering Information
In Your Head (Inference)
Right There
Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.
Right There
Drones mate with the queen.
Think and Search

• Worker Bees
• Make wax
• Feed the larvae
• Collect pollen
• Store pollen
• Make honey
• Guard the hive

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The Other Half of the QAR
In the Book (Gathering Information
In Your Head (Inference)
Right There
Author and You (Inference) Which bee is the
busiest? Why is it necessary for the
queen to lay so many eggs?
Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.
Right There
Drones mate with the queen bee.
Think and Search
On Your Own Do you know someone who works
as hard as the bee?

• Worker Bees
• Make wax
• Feed the larvae
• Collect pollen
• Store pollen
• Make honey
• Guard the hive

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David woke up 15 minutes late. As soon as he saw
the clock, he jumped out of bed and headed for
the shower, afraid hed miss the bus again. He
looked in the dryer for his favorite jeans, but
they were actually still in the washing machine.
Dang! I told my sister to put my stuff in the
dryer! Now what am I going to wear today?
After settling for a pair of baggy shorts and a
Hilfiger rugby shirt, he grabbed a bag of chips
and a soda from the kitchen, and searched
frantically for his history book. When he found
it, he put it in his backpack, along with his
breakfast, his hat, and his lucky deck of cards.
As he ran to the bus stop, he told himself, I
will not stay up late watching wrestling anymore!
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Write Team Questions

• Distributing Goods and Services
• Wholesaling
• Students write questions based on their reading
  of a text (Right There and Think and Search
  questions)
• A student reads one question to a group
• That student calls on a volunteer
• The volunteer answers and now reads one of
  his/her own questions
• Continue until everyone has asked and answered
  once

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• Writing questions
• Each participant creates four questions
  representing each type on the QAR
• Write the questions on chart paper labeled Right
  There, Think and Search, Author and Me, On My Own
• Participants are given colored dots critique
  questions listed and use a dot if the question
  belongs to a different category

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Mini Lessons for Asking Questions

• Question and Answer Relationships Using Questions
  to Comprehend Text
• Write Team Questions
• Developing Four Types of Questions

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Guided Practice for Asking Questions

• Determine strategy for teaching Question and
  Answer Relationships
• Select an article and create questions to show
  students how to use questions to comprehend text
• Choose an article for students to use to create
  their own questions
• Create questions for website hotlists

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Comprehension Strategies

• Making Connections

Asking Questions
Determining Importance
Drawing Inferences
Synthesizing
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Essential QuestionWhat car should I get
thatmeets the needs of myfamily and ...
Essential Question
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Getting Started What is important in this unit?
benchmark
benchmark
Your topic
benchmark
benchmark
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The Features of Nonfiction Text

• Table of Contents
• Index
• Titles, Headings
• Font Size
• Font Style
• Tables, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams, Labels, Captions

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Nonfiction Text Structures

• Cause-Effect
• Problem-Solution
• Compare/Contrast
• Description
• Chronological Sequence
• Episodic
• Definition

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Nonfiction Text Structures

• Read the article Taxation and Government
  Spending How Big is the Debt? by Marie
  Bussing-Burks
• Fill in the graphic organizer to determine the
  causes that lead to the national debt.

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Nonfiction Text Structures
Taxation and Government Spending How Big is the
Debt? by Marie Bussing-Burks
By 2000 national debt reaches 5.6 trillion
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Nonfiction Text Structures
List the effects caused by the large national
debt.
Read Taxation and Government Spending
Problems with the Rising Debt.
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Visualize...
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Nonfiction Text Structures
We need government goods and services
Taxation and Government Spending The Government
Spends Big
Government is a big spender.
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U. S. Government debt is 5.6 trillion
Problem
detail 2 trillion of the debt held by govt
agencies
detail 3.6 trillion borrowed from others
(individuals, businesses, foreign countries, and
banking institutions)
detail government pays back investors
Government sells 4 types of bonds and securities.
Solution
From Taxation and Government Spending How to
Spend Money You Dont Have
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Text Structures Compare/Contrast
Topic _________________
Economy
Banks
Savings and Loans
Alike
Different
owners
goods services
risk factor
resources
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Text Structures Description
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Text Structures Description
Taxation and Government Spending How to Spend
Money You Dont Have
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Change Over Time Life Cycle of a Tree
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Change Over Time Life Cycle of a Tree
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Structured Note Taking Formats

• All of this information combined can help us
  understand...

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Structued Note Taking
Economics, Recession, Depression
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Water supply and quality
Water shortages will lead to conflicts

• Populations grew near rivers
• water is being pumped from aquifers to meet
  increased demand (enough to raise sea levels)
• populations are growing
• aquifers are slow to recharge (15,000 years)
• per capita consumption is 2xs population

• water is scarce if more than 20 of flow
  diverted for local use
• in 1995, more than 1/3 of world pop. of 5.7
  billion lived in such areas
• 70 of earths surface is water, 96.5 is salty
  2 is ice 1 available

• Pakistan and India fight over boundary waters
• Western States compete for water
• 22 countries deptendent on water from other
  nations (Egypt, Pakistan, India)

• Conservation will be expected in areas that have
  adequate supplies
• researching inexpensive ways to desalinate
  seawater should be supported
• limiting population growth should be a priority

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Neighborhood Geography Walk
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Neighborhood Geography Walk
Examples of Human Characteristics demographics,
government, land use, architecture, population
density
Examples of Physical Characteristics soil,
water, climate, landforms, wildlife, etc.
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Political actions
economics
Human Environment Interaction
history
housing
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Illinois
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Get the Gist

• determining importance
• paraphrasing
• promoting understanding

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Implementing GIST1) Ask the students to read a
short section of no more than three
paragraphs.2) Ask the class to remember
important ideas from the passage and list them on
the board. 3) Work with the class to condense
those ideas into 20 words.4) Ask students to
read a second short section. Create a 20-word
summary that incorporates information from both
the first and second sections.5) If you feel
ambitious, have the students repeat the strategy
with a third section. http//www.nwrel.org/assess
ment/lessonplans
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Throughout history money has been accepted as
payment for goods and services. In this way
money determines the relative value of these
goods and services. Money is therefore a medium
of exchange and a marker of value. Before money,
other things were used as a means of exchange
salt, spices, cloth, beads, and shells and
before these things were used as money people
bartered what they produced for other products.
Barter is still used in some parts of the world,
and it is often used by kids as they exchange
baseball cards or other items of value. But
barter is not very efficient. You have to carry
all your goods with you wherever you go and hope
that you will find someone with the goods you
want to trade for. With money, you can convert
your goods into cash that is easy to carry and
has accepted value wherever you go. Any goods
you wish to trade for can be valued in terms of
money, instead of having to keep in mind, for
example, that 10 bushels of corn equals one goat,
which equals 20 yards of cloth, which equals a
dozen nails, etc. Money saves time and effort,
and a modern economy would not be possible
without it.
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Concept Definition Mapping
Graphic organizers help students understand the
essential attributes, qualities, and
characteristics of a words meaning.
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Graphic Organizers
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Semantic Features Chart
Definition Examples Other interesting facts
Supply
Demand
Needs
Wants
Interde-pendence
Industry
Goods
Services
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Investigating Information
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Finding Important Information
Important Words And Concepts (IWAC) A
B C D E F G H
I J K L M N O
P Q R S T U V
W X Y Z Reading Strategy
Determining Importance
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Category What is it?
Describe it.
Investment
Compare/Contrast What is it like?
guaranteed return
Bonds

Loan
means of raising money
Savings Bonds
private investors
Treasury Bonds
junk
What are some examples?
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Bonds are a form of investment similar to a loan.
They provide the investor with a guaranteed rate
of return. Companies and governments raise money
through bonds. Three types of bonds are Treasury
Bonds (long term loans to the federal
government), Savings Bonds and junk bonds.
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Compare or contrast
Circle
Polygon
Pentagon
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Concept Definition Mapping
A polygon is a closed mathematical shape. The
line segments that make up the sides of a polygon
are straight. It has two dimensions height and
width. Some examples of polygons are the five
sided pentagon, the four-sided rhombus, and te
six-sided hexagon.
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Category What is it?
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A desert is a specific climate on Earth. Unlike
a rainforest, a desert has less than 25 cm. of
rainfall. It also lacks cloud cover and has high
winds. The heat radiates into dry air at night.
Some examples of famous deserts are the Mojave in
California, the Gobi in Asia, and the Sahara in
Africa.
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What is it?
What are the parts?
Compare or contrast
select a topic
What are some examples?
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Activities for Determining Importance

• The Structures of Nonfiction Text
• Finding Important Information Rather Than One
  Main Idea
• Key Points vs. Supporting Details
• Taking Notes
• Graphic Organizers

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Comprehension Strategies

• Making Connections

Asking Questions
Determining Importance
Drawing Inferences
Synthesizing
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• Inferential thinking occurs when text clues
  merge with the readers prior knowledge and
  questions to point toward . . . a conclusion in
  the text.
• Goudvis Harvey, 2000

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The Other Half of the QAR
In the Book (Gathering Information
In Your Head (Inference)
Right There Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.
Author and You (Inference) Which bee is the
busiest? Why is it necessary for the queen to lay
so many eggs?
Right There Drones mate with the queen bee.

• Worker Bees
• Make wax
• Feed the larvae
• Collect pollen
• Store pollen
• Make honey
• Guard the hive

On Your Own Do you know someone who works as
hard as the bee?
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Making Inferences
Facts
Inferences
23 of the U.S. debt is held by foreign
individuals and businesses. American businesses,
banks and government hold the rest of the U.S.
debt internally.
Foreign countries must find advantages to holding
U.S. bonds and securities. Crisis in other
countries (i.e. war, natural disasters) can
affect the U.S. economy.
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conservation
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Comprehension Strategies

• Making Connections

Asking Questions
Determining Importance
Drawing Inferences
Synthesizing
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Synthesis at the highest level goes beyond
merely taking stock of meaning as one reads. A
true synthesis is achieved when a new perspective
or thought is born out of the reading. Goudvis
Harvey, 2000
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Holding Individuals Accountable
Product Final Team Performance
Information
First individual assessment
Teams work on product
Second individual assessment
Teams work on product
Third individual assessment
Teams work on product
Unit Ends
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Note taking formats
John Smith and other English settlers established
Jamestown
Event
Year(s)
1607
Description
An expidition was financed to Chesapeake Bay
with more than 100 colonists. They found a spot
on the James River and named it Jamestown.
Jamestown colonists had many hardships. They
spent time searching for gold instead of finding
food.
Graphic
Jamestown
Colonists realized they need to grow crops for
food instead of just searching for gold.
Significance
113
Note taking formats
slavery
Event
Year(s)
1500
Description
Starting in the early 1500s Europeans started
trading Africans For slaves. The slaves were
traded like objects. Africans were transported
over the Atlantic to America.
People working in field
Graphic
It led to racism.
Significance
114
Supporting Students with Synthesis

• Class/Individual Response Logs
• Creating the Final Product

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The End