Solar Panels: Our Future May Lie in its Hands

1
Solar PanelsOur Future May Lie in its Hands

• Lee Liak Ghee (10) Tay Wee Shing Kervin
  (23)
• Loh Wei Kiat (12) Class 2I3

2
Agenda

• About Solar Panels
• Proposal for New Solar Panel Project _at_ HCI
• How to Make Solar Panels The Eco-Friendly Way
• Consumption of Electricity _at_ 2I3 Classroom
  Worth?
• Solar-Powered Devices
• Future Applications of Solar Panels
• Quiz
• Website
• Bibliography

3
About Solar Panels

• Some Background Information to Start Off

4
Agenda (About Solar Panels)

• Solar Panels Application
• Types of Solar Panels
• Monocrystalline Solar Panel
• Polycrystalline Solar Panels
• String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel
• Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel
• Angle of Inclination

5
Solar Panels Application

• Makes Use of Photovoltaics to Convert Light into
  Electricity
• Some Materials have the Photoelectric Effect
  which Absorb Protons Releases Electrons
• Electricity Produced can be Used as Electricity
  when Free Electrons are Captured

6
Types of Solar Panels

• Monocrystalline Solar Panels
• Polycrystalline Solar Panels
• String Ribbon Silicon Panels
• Amorphous Silicon Panels

7
Monocrystalline Solar Panel

• Most Effective Solar Panel
• Efficiency Rate from 14 to 18
• Made from Silicon
• Material Increases Conductivity Excite more
  Electrons for More Electricity
• Most Expensive Method

8
Polycrystalline Solar Panels

• Slightly Less Effective than Monocrystalline
• Efficiency Rate From 12 to 14
• Made up of Individual Photovoltaic Cells
• Cheapest and Most Cost-Efficient Solar Panel

9
String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel

• Similar to Polycrystalline in Terms of Efficiency
  Rate Construction Method
• Cost of Production is Slightly more Expensive
  than Polycrystalline

10
Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel

• Lowest Efficiency Rate From 5 to 6
• Only Made of Semi-Conductor Materials like Copper
• Extremely Cheap, but Not Worth it in the Long Run

11
Angle of Inclination

• Solar Panels are NEVER Placed Flat
• Differing Inclination Angles in Different
  Countries
• To Maximise Efficiency Rate
• Prevents Dust from Collecting/Rainwater to Flow
  Down
• Optimum 17 Degrees in Singapore

12
Proposed New Solar Panel Project _at_ HCI

• We Can Play Our Part Too

13
Agenda (Proposed Solar Panel Project)

• Solar Panel Project Application
• Current Statistics _at_ HCI
• New Project Statistics
• Conclusion

14
Solar Panel Project Applications

• New Project to be _at_ High School Multi-Story
  Carpark

15
Current Statistics _at_ HCI

• Total number of Panels 84
• System Size 15.120 kW
• Total number of Inverters 3 (each for a set of
  28 panels)
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) 70 kWh
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) 2,100
  kWh
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) 25,550
  kWh
• Estimated Saving per year 7,200
• Estimated Carbon Reduction per year 8 tons
• System turn on date 15 June 2011
• Years to date Electric to grid 3,220 kWh

16
New Project Statistics

• Total number of Panels 84  293  377
• System Size 15.120 kW  (738.72 kW / 14
  53.766 kW)  68.886 kW
• Total number of Inverters 3  (293/28 rounded
  up 11)  14 (each for a set of 28 panels)
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) 70 kWh
   (293 70/84 244 kWh)  314 kWh
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) 2,100
  kWh  (244 30 7,320 kWh)  8,420 kWh
• Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) 25,550
  kWh  (244 365 89,060 kWh)  114,610 kWh
• Estimated Saving per year 7,200  (7,200/84
  293 25,114)  32,314
• Estimated Carbon Reduction per year 8 tons
  (8/84 293 28 tons) 36 tons

17
Conclusion

• Electricity Savings Per Year
• 22,533.23
• Electricity Savings Over Solar Panels Life Period
  (25 Years)
• 563,330.75

18
How to Make Solar Panels

• The Eco-Friendly Way

19
Agenda (How to Make Solar Panels)

• Materials Needed
• Experimental Procedure
• End Results
• FAQs

20
Materials Needed

• Two Square-Shaped Pieces of Glass, measuring 3cm
  by 3cm
• Titanium Dioxide (Very Expensive Chemical)
• Any Species of Leaves/Flowers or Any Spread such
  as Jam/Kaya
• Glucose

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Experimental Procedure

• Mix the Titanium Dioxide with the Glucose which
  will form a Liquid
• Grind the Leaves/Flowers (If Being Used)
• Apply the Liquid Formed on One Side of Each Glass
• Put the Grinded Leaves/Flowers or Spread the
  Jam/Kaya on the Same Side of One Piece of the
  Glass
• Paste the Two Glass Pieces Together
• Allow Product to Dry under the Sun

22
End Results

• Low Efficiency Rate, Compared to Average of 14
• Unable to Power Anything
• Will Produce 0.000006kWh (Measured from Data
  logger)

23
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Dose the Choice of Specimen Affect the Efficiency
  Rate of the Solar Panels?
• No, but Specimens have a Variety of Colour tend
  to have better results
• Does the Amount of Specimen Affect the Efficiency
  Rate of the Solar Panels?
• Not Proven Yet, but there should not be an
  Overdose which will Cause the Product not to
  Stick Together

24
Electricity Consumption in HCI

• Comparison Between Clock Tower and Block C
  Classrooms

25
Agenda (Electricity Consumption in HCI)

• Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances
• Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption
• Class 2I3 Grand Total
• Clock Tower Electrical Appliances
• Clock Tower Electricity Consumption
• Clock Tower Grand Total
• Conclusion

26
Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances

• Fans x 3 (7 Hours)
• Lights x 6 (7 Hours)
• Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)
• Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)
• Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)
• Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)
• Key
• Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time
  used per Day)

27
Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption

• Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 1155 Watts
• Light 25 Watts x 6 x 7 1050 Watts
• Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 200
  Watts
• Laptop 35 Watts x 5 x 3 525 Watts
• Wi-Fi System 7 Watts x 1 x 24 168 Watts
• Speakers 56 Watts x 2 x ½ 56 Watts
• Key
• Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption
  per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per
  Day Total Amount

28
Class 2I3 Grand Total

• Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in
  Classroom per Day
• 3154 Watts/h or 3.154 kWh

29
Clock Tower Electrical Appliances

• Fans x 3 (7 Hours)
• Lights x 6 (7 Hours)
• Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)
• Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)
• Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)
• Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)
• Air Conditioner x 1 (7 Hours)
• Key
• Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time
  used per Day)

30
Clock Tower Electricity Consumption

• Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 1155 Watts
• Light 25 Watts x 6 x 7 1050 Watts
• Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 200
  Watts
• Laptop 35 Watts x 5 x 3 525 Watts
• Wi-Fi System 7 Watts x 1 x 24 168 Watts
• Speakers 56 Watts x 2 x ½ 56 Watts
• Air Conditioner 3500 x 1 x 7 23500 Watts
• Key
• Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption
  per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per
  Day Total Amount

31
Clock Tower Grand Total

• Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in
  Classroom per Day
• 27654 Watts/h or 27.654 kW

32
Conclusion

• Number of Classrooms (Non Air-Conditioned) to be
  Powered by Solar Panels
• Electricity Generated / Electrical Consumption
  in 1 Classroom
• 70 kWh / 3.154 kWh 22.19

33
Solar-Powered Devices

• Have You Seen them Today?

34
Agenda (Solar-Powered Devices)

• Solar-Powered Phones
• Solar-Powered Cars
• Solar-Powered Calculators
• Solar-Powered Boats

35
Solar-Powered Phones

• Released by Samsung in 2009
• Made from Eco-Friendly Materials
• Cover Made from Recycled Bottles
• Packaging Made from Recycled Paper
• Has Built-In Pedometer CO2 Emission Calculator

36
Solar-Powered Cars

• Can Only Travel Up to 48 km/h on Average
• Solar Cells Can be Added (Range 10 - 400)
• After Upgrade, Speed will be 2 Times Faster
• Can Travel Up to 96 km/h

37
Solar-Powered Calculator

• Doesnt require battery
• Powers as long as it is under light

38
Solar-Powered Boat

• Worlds largest solar powered boat
• Speed of 15 miles per hour
• Targets to tour the world

39
Future Applications of Solar Panels

• They May Save Mother Earth

40
Agenda (Future Applications)

• Lighthouse Idea
• Solar Panels on Planes

41
Lighthouse Idea

• Solar Panels can ONLY Work During Daytime
• To use Light from the Lighthouse
• Solar-Tracking System to track Lighthouses
  Light
• Rays are Directed Using Mirrors
• Thus, Solar Panels can Work 24/7

42
Solar Panels on Planes

• Planes Come into Direct Sunlight during Flight
• Clouds Usually Affect Efficiency Rate of Solar
  Panels
• Currently
• Proposing to Have More of These Planes, Including
  Passenger Cargo Planes

43
Website

• Here is the Link to Our Website
• http//hciterm4solar2i345.wiki.hci.edu.sg/

44
Solar Panels Quiz

• Heres the Link to the Quiz
• http//www2.hci.edu.sg/y10hci0162/solarquiz/start.
  html

45
Bibliography

• ABS Alaskan (2008, January 10). Power Consumption
  Table. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from
  http//www.absak.com/library/power-consumption-tab
  le
• Coolest Gadget (2011). World's Largest
  Solar-Powered Boat on a World Tour. Retrieved 26
  September, 2011 from http//www.coolest-gadgets.co
  m/20110902/worlds-largest-solarpowered-boat-world-
  tour/
• How Stuff Works (2011). How Solar Cells Work.
  Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from
  http//science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/ene
  rgy/solar-cell.htm
• How Stuff Works (2011). How can solar panels
  power a car? Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from
  http//auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehi
  cles/solar-cars.htm
• Solar buzz. (2011). Solar Market Research and
  Analysis - Facts and Figures. Retrieved 28
  September, 2011, from http//www.solarbuzz.com/fac
  ts-and-figures
• Solar cell. (2011, September 28). In Wikipedia,
  The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 29,
  2011, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
  

46
Bibliography

• Solar panel. (2011, September 27). In Wikipedia,
  The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 27,
  2011, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_pane
  l
• Solar Panel Center. (2011). How Much Money Can
  Installing Solar Panels Really Save? Retrieved 27
  September, 2011 from http//www.solarpanelcenter.n
  et/How-Much-Money-Can-Installing-Solar-Panels-Real
  ly-Save.php
• Solar Panel Center. (2011). Types of Solar
  Panels. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from
  http//www.solarpanelcenter.net/Types-of-Solar-Pan
  els.php
• Technology Review. (2007, March 5). Cheap Nano
  Solar Cells. Retrieved 28 September, 2011 from
  http//www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18259/