Chapter 14 Power Point Presentations

1
Chapter 14 Power Point Presentations

• By
• Kevin, Evan, Samone, David, Jerome, Denzell,
  Ronald, Heather, Brittney, Briasha, Darren, Dana,
  Jasmine, Kayla W., Joseph and Brandon

2
See what MS. Marshall said was.

• Follow the rubric..keep up with these
• Only 5 slides PLEASE!
• 7 words, 7 bullets is VERY important
• Participation should be fair
• Content important
• Include class in learning process

3
Putting Solar Energy to Work

• Evan D. Kevin C.

4
Getting to Know Solar Energy

• Solar energy is energy from the sun.
• Often converted into thermal or electrical
  energy.
• Solar energy can be converted into electricity in
  two ways.
• These two ways are Photovoltaic and Solar Power
  Plants.
• Photovoltaic (PV devices) or solar cells,
  change sunlight directly into electricity.

5
Getting to Know Solar Energy pt.2

• Solar Power Plants  indirectly generate
  electricity when the heat from solar thermal
  collectors is used to heat a fluid which produces
  steam that is used to power the generator.
• Dont forget Solar energy can also be converted
  to Thermal energy.
• This energy can heat water for use in homes,
  buildings, or swimming pools.
• It can also heat spaces inside greenhouses,
  homes, and other buildings.

6
Solar Electrical Power Plants

• Out of the 15 known Solar Electric generating
  units operating in the United States at the end
  of 2006, 10 of these are in California, and 5 in
  Arizona.
• Solar thermal power plants use the sun's rays to
  heat a fluid, from which heat transfer systems
  may be used to produce steam.

7
Pros Cons of Solar Energy

• Pros
• Solar energy is free, and its supplies are
  unlimited.
• Using solar energy produces no air or water
  pollution.
• Solar energy produces electricity very quietly.
• Although the initial price of solar cells may be
  high, once installed, they provide a free source
  of electricity, which will pay off over the
  coming years.

8
Pros Cons of Solar Energy

• Cons
• The weather can affect the efficiency of solar
  cells.
• Solar energy is only able to generate electricity
  during daylight hours.
• Current prices of highly efficient solar cells
  can be above 1000, and some households may need
  more than one.

9
Photovoltaic Cells

• By Samone Hankins

10
Overview

• Derived from sunlight by higher state of
  electrons,making electricity
• Pv is used to make power for solar cells.
• Cells protect from outside elements.More
  powermore solar panels
• Derived by converting infrared energy directly
  into energy.
• Research of PV doubled every 2 years, biggest of
  AE.
• Cells electronically connect together to create
  PV.
• FACT solar power generation has the highest
  density among renewable energies.

11
Popularity amongst the World

• Many countries encourage solar panels along with
  other support of AE.
• Three leading countries make up approx.89 of
  total PV installations. Germany has the fastest
  growing PV market in 06 and 07.
• FACT Facilities can operate with little
  maintenance or interruptions after initial setup.
• Research of PV by US leads to positive follow-
  ups of higher demand by other countries.

12
Environmental Impacts

• Contrast to fossil fuels, SP does not use
  emissions during operation BUT does produce some
  amount of pollution by panels.
• Energy input produced higher than output results
  in more harmful then beneficial outcomes.
• PV located near photosynthesized plants turns
  problems into chemical energies,hence intervenes
  process of a plant photosynthesis.
• FACTSolar panels are pollution free during use.

13
Mooolaaaah!!!

• Total cost in US is total costs of cents per
  kilowatt-hour produced.
• Panels consume 10 total capitol cost.(including
  maintenance and depreciation of capitol outlay
  over 20 years.
• FACT Compared to FF and nuclear energy, very
  little research (or money) has been invested in
  the development of solar cells, sothere is much
  room for improvement!)

14
Hydropowerby David Jerome
15
What is Hydropower?

• A renewable energy source that generates
  electricity
• Uses free flowing water to generate electricity
  such as dams or water falls
• Accounts for more than 20 of electricity uses in
  the world
• Virtually nonpolluting

16
The Good

• Dams can store rain water which can be used
  during a drought
• If needed dams can be shut down instantly.
• Simple design makes for inexpensive repairs
• Water is also not damaged while going through
  hydropower
• It is clean and prevents the burning of 22
  billion gallons of oil and 120 million tons of
  coal a year

17
The Bad

• A con is that dams drown wild life habitats
• Another is dams have caused more than 40 to 80
  million people to relocate to accommodate the
  rising waters
• Dams prevent migration off fish
• Damming of rivers causes many parts of rivers to
  go dry
• Changing from cold water to warm water causes the
  spread of parasitic worms that cause debilitating
  disease
• Can cause water to go from near flood levels to
  almost dry in a single day

18
Fun Facts

• Nearly 75,000 dams(6 feet high more) dot U.S.
  rivers
• Only 2 of U.S. rivers are free flowing
• New Cornelia Tailings is the largest U.S. Dam
• Hydropower is clean It prevents the burning of 22
  billion gallons of oil or 120 million tons of
  coal each year
• Hydropower does not produce greenhouse gasses or
  other air pollution

19
Wind Power

• By Denzell and Ronald

20
Biomass Energy

• By Heather and Brittany

21
BIOMASS ENERGY
22
What is Biomass?

• Biomass is a clean renewable energy resource
• derived from waste of various human and natural
  activities.
• excludes organic material

23
Biomass Energy leads in renewable energy
production in the United States. Biomass is
extracted from three distinct sources

• Wood the largest energy source of biomass
• Waste second largest source
• Alcohol third largest contributor

24
Burning Firewood

• Main energy resource over much of human history.
• 20 million homes use wood for some form of heat
  5 million rely solely on wood for heat.

25
Biomass is matter usually thought of
asgarbage. We can use animal manure,
woodchips, seaweed,
corn stalks and other
wastes. Some sources are just lying around
such as dead trees, left-over crops,
sawdust from lumber mills, even used tires
will do.
26
Biofuels
Hydrogen,The Fuel of the Future
By Briasha and Darren
27
What Is A Biofuel?

• It is a fuel made from biological materials
• It is a renewable fuel
• It can be the natural gas that comes from
  microorganisms
• It includes any solid,liquid,or gaseous fuels
  from plants
• Burning biofuels adds less carbon to the
  environment

28
Types Of Biofuels

• Ethanol is one type of biofuel
• It is produced by carbohydrates turning into
  sugar
• Then the sugars are fermented
• Another is Gasohol which is produced from the
  alcohol of that process
• It can be burned as a fuel directly
• Or it can be added to gasoline

29
What is Hydrogen?

• Hydrogen is a highly reactive colorless gas
• It is the lightest element
• It is the most abundant in the universe
• Hydrogen can be extracted from water by
  electrolysis
• Combustion engines use Hydrogen to produce
  electricity

30
Why is Hydrogen called the "Fuel of the Future"

• Conventional cars can be run on Hydrogen
• Hydrogen can be put in place of gasoline
• The only problem is there is no Hydrogen gas on
  Earth
• If there is any trace on Earth we can not use it
• This is because bacteria uses it because its a
  excellence source of energy

31
Geothermal Energy

• By Dana Walker

32
The Overview

• Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth
• The largest supply is located in The Geysers
• 1 of worlds energy
• Available 24hrs a day
• Binary plants are most common power plants
• US has highest usage
• 90 availability

33
History

• First tested in 1904 by Prince Piero Ginori Conti
• First plant in US was in 1922
• In 1960, Pacific Gas was the first plant to
  successful use geothermal energy
• The Geyser produce 720 MV of power
• Is now generated in 20 countries worldwide

34
Disadvantages

• Low temperature limits efficiency
• Construction of plants affect land stability
• Hot water sources contain pollutants
• Locations may cool down after time
• Must be managed to avoid depletion

35
Why Geothermal?

• Requires no fuel
• Its Sustainable
• Minimal land requirements (1-8acre per megawatt)
• Can power large cities w/ small amounts
• Capacity factor is large
• Has 3 different technologies
• Affordable

36
Basically

• Geothermal energy is a growing resource for
  energy
• It will probably go into mass production in the
  next couple years
• More research needs to go into making it a more
  productive energy source

37
Tidal Power
Tidal Power

• By Jasmine Barber

38
Tidal Power Info Uses

• Tidal Power is the amount of extraordinary energy
  from gravitational pulls from the sun in the
  ocean tides.
• This source of energy is pollution-free and
  limitless.
• Tidal barrage is the procedure that scientist
  accumulate this amazing energy.
• This when a dam is built across the mouth of a
  bay and turbines the flowing water will generate
  the energy.
• When the tide shifted, the blades would reverse
  to collect the rest of the out-flowing water for
  energy.

39
Worldwide Tidal Power Environmental
Problems\Resolutions

• 30 locations in the world where this type of
  energy can be gathered.
• Only 2 plants are made in those locations(Canada
  France) and there is only one here in
  Annapolis(Bay of Fundy)
• Plans to build in other places of the US are
  still in development.
• The construction of these turbines cost a lot of
  money, but are still very efficientthis problem
  is in the hands of the government.

• Tidal Power is efficient but the way it is
  gathered isn't.
• Turbines cause a lot of environmental problems.
• Including
• Rocks back up in system causing some pollution
  and thus marine life to suffer.

40
Ocean Thermal

• Ocean Thermal gradient of about 20 Celsius.
• OTEC is the name of an experimental technology
  that uses temperature difference to produce
  power.
• This tech. Involves using warm water surface.
• To heat and Vaporize a low boiling point liquid
  such as ammonia.
• Various studies indicates OTEC power plants show
  little economic promises.
• In Hawaii a shore based OTEC plant uses the cold
  nutrient rich water.
• Pumped from the ocean bottom cool buildings.

41
National Energy policy

• By Brandon and Joseph