Decolonization

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Decolonization
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Decolonization definition

• Mid-to-late 20th century (1947-1970s)
• Colonized people use nationalism to win their
  independence from their European mother countries
  and win self-rule.
• Independence movements freedom.

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What are the ways a country can gain independence?
Non-Violent or Civil Disobedience, use protests
PEACE
Violent fight for it in war
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India read next slide to answer these
questions

• When Why
• Why are there problems?
• What is the outcome?

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When why

• 1947
• Indians want their independence from the British.

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Mohandas GandhiMahatma - great soul
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Why does Gandhi become a patriot for India?
240 mile march

• Indians wanted to be free of British rule.
• They looked to Gandhi for leadership and
  inspiration.
• Gandhi and his followers protested.

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HOW does Gandhi become a patriot for
his people?
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He practicednonviolent resistance or
civil disobedience
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Ways Gandhi brought about change

• Boycott of British cloth in India
• British economy hurt badly
• Gandhi arrested and put in jail

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Problems and Outcome

• India gained independence in August, 1947.
• Problems in India
• between Hindu majority and Muslim minority.
  Different religions and ethnic groups.
• Solution to the problem?
• Divided India into 2 nations, called Partition
• India for Hindus
• Pakistan and East Pakistan, for Muslims

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Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
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Leaders

• Gandhi helps win independence
• Nehru becomes first Indian President of India
• Jinnah becomes first Muslim President of Pakistan

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AFRICA read next slide to answer these
questions

• When Why
• Why are there problems?
• What is the outcome?

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Africa

• Mostly in the 1950-1970s
• Problems?
• The Berlin Conference of 1889 carved up the
  country to create colonies for the Europeans, but
  ignored the tribes that lived in the lands. Thus,
  they put together competing tribes, as well as
  separated others.
• Outcome
• Independence movements begin Egypt first, where
  Nassar WINS economic control

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Algeria
Kenya
South Africa
South Africa
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Decolonization in Africa and Asia after World War
II
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Decolonization in Africa and Asia after World War
II
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South Africa

• Nelson Mandela fought against racial
  discrimination
• Apartheid was a law that made Black south
  Africans have less rights.
• Mandela worked to help his people get their rights

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• Nelson Mandela

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Why does Mandela become a patriot for South
Africa?

• Apartheid kept colored people completely
  separated from the white South Africans

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HOW does Mandela become a patriot for his
people?
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Mandela urged fellow South Africans to adopt
Gandhis philosophy of civil disobedience

• Mandela was arrested in 1963.
• He was sentenced to life in prison for conspiracy
  to over throw the government. (for being a
  communist!)
• He was freed in 1990.
• He was elected president in 1994

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Algeria

• The Algerian people fought surprise attacks
  against the French military to help win their
  independence.
• No leader to know.

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Ghana

• Kwame Nkrumah
• Was jailed by the British for being a communist,
  but that did not stop his speeches and civil
  disobedience movement.
• British granted the Gold Coast its independence
  and the people renamed the country, Ghana.
• This country became the FIRST country where black
  Africans used non-violence to become free.

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Kenya

• Jomo Kenyatta
• Used nonviolence to help free his
• people from British control.
• He was elected the first President of the
  country.
• Mau Mau
• A tribe who lost their land to the British used
  violence by attacking white settlers. Although
  the uprising was put down, it was proof that the
  Kenyans did not want the British to rule them.