Decolonization Exposed:

1
Decolonization Exposed
WHO decolonized at this time? WHY did nations
fight for decolonization? What INFLUENCED
decolonization? HOW did people fight for
decolonization? What were the OUTCOMES of
decolonization?
2

• Surge of anti-colonial nationalism after WWI and
  WWII Decolonization
• Patterns of Decolonization
• What patterns do you notice in the
  decolonization stories prepared for today?

3
(No Transcript)
4

• Surge of anti-colonial nationalism after WWI and
  WWII Decolonization
• What countries fought for decolonization from
  1910-1990?

5

• Surge of anti-colonial nationalism after WWI and
  WWII Decolonization
• Patterns of Decolonization
• What similarities are there in the
  decolonization process between different nations?
• Did any nations have a completely unique
  experience gaining independence?

6
Decolonization Exposed

WHO WHY (INFLUENCES)
WHO HOW
WHO OUTCOMES
7
Post-its

• Many countries had violent conflict between
  ethnic groups who fought for control over a newly
  independent country
• (Israel/Palestine Jews Arabs)
• (India Hindus Muslims)

8

• If theres time

9

• Surge of anti-colonial nationalism after WWI and
  WWII Decolonization
• Some patterns
• Civil war (China, Vietnam, Korea, India?)
• Non-settler colonies had negotiated independence
  (India and much of Africa)
• Settler colonies had incomplete de-colonization
  (Palestine, Algeria and Southern Africa, Vietnam)

10

• Conflict between the Communists (Mao Zedong) and
  the Nationalists in China (Chiang Kai-shek)

11
(No Transcript)
12
Violent and Incomplete Decolonizations

• Presence of European immigrants slowed down
  negotiations, leading to violence. For example,
  Kenya, Palestine, Algeria, and South Africa
• Other nations were complicated by Cold War
  politics alignment, support from USSR or USA,
  communism, etc.

13
Kenya

• Presence of settlers prevented smooth transition
  of power.
• Kenya had 20,000 Europeans only - led to violent
  revolt.
• Mau-Mau Revolt, 1952, led by Kikuyus suppressed
  by British.
• 1963 independence granted to black majority, led
  by Kenyatta.

14
Algeria

• Appeal of Arab nationalism
• Large French settler population
• 1954- 1962 war between FLN (nationalist party)
  and French troops
• part of France
• 300,000 lives lost

15
South Africa

• 4 million white residents
• Afrikaner-dominated (white) National Party won
  1948 election
• Apartheid
• No protests tolerated (African National Congress,
  Mandela)
• 1990s black government elected

16
Vietnam

• French rule since 1880s rice, mining, and
  rubber exports
• Rise of foreign educated intelligentsia (Ho Chi
  Minh)
• Formation of Viet Minh in 1941
• Guerrilla War with France (1946-1954)
• Divided country in 1954 led to gradual US entry
  to contain communism.

17

• Was decolonization good for every country?

18
What were some major challenges faced in
countries after gaining independence?
19
Challenges of Independence

• Ethnic disputes
• Dependent economies
• Growing debt
• Cultural dependence on west
• Widespread social unrest
• Military responses to restore order

• Population growth
• Resource depletion
• Lack of middle class in some locales
• Education deficit
• Neo-colonialism through economic debt.

20
Conclusions

• Decolonization was sometimes a violent process-
  dependent in large part on how many settlers had
  come to the colony.
• In many parts of world, decolonization was not
  revolutionary. Power passed from one class of
  elites to another. Little economic and social
  reform occurred.
• Significant challenges faced independent
  nations.
• Western economic dominance of the global trade
  system continued...
• NEOCOLONIALISM