Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome

• World Studies

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What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome?

• Central Italy
• On peninsula in middle of Mediterranean Sea
• Upon the Tiber River- good transportation,
  protection

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Origins of Rome

• Founded 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on Palatine
  Hill
• Romulus kills Remus and names the city after
  himself
• Etruscans to the N. and Greeks S.

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Government

• 509 B.C. Last King
• Republic a government of elected
  representatives
• Patricians landowners
• Plebeians merchants, farmers, traders.

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Government

• Two consuls, elected for 1 year
• Senate- 300 members chosen from Patricians
  (aristocracy), served for life
• Centuriate/Tribal assemblies- plebians, members
  for life
• Tribunes- elected by plebeians, protects their
  rights from patricians
• Dictator- could be appointed in emergencies,
  absolute power for 6 months

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Military

• Legion- unit of 5,000
• 265 B.C. controlled Italy
• Empire expanded.
• How?
• Strong, disciplined army
• Treated enemy well.
• Collected taxes.
• Respected some local customs.

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Battle Formations
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Battle Formations
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Battle Formations

• Tortoise

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Punic Wars

• Wars with the Phoenician colony of Carthage
• 1st, 264-241 BC for control of Sicily, W.
  Mediterranean
• 2nd, 218 BC

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Punic Wars

• Hannibal led troops across Europe and over the
  Alps to Italy
• Roman general Scipio (Africanus) attacked
  Carthage, forced Hannibal to return
• Defeated 202 BC.

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Punic Wars

• Third War 149-146 BC, Romans lay siege to
  Carthage, 50,000 people sold into slavery

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Republic to Empire

• 1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar- w/ Crassus and
  Pompey, 60 BC
• Caesar conquered all of Gaul w/ troops from
  landless poor- loyal to Caesar, not Rome
• Turned his army on Rome, Pompey fled, 1st
  dictator for life, 44 BC

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Roman Empire

• Caesar murdered in Senate 3/15, 44 BC Ides of
  March
• 2nd triumvirate- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus
• Octavian forced Lepidus to retire

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Roman Empire

• Antony fell in love w/ Cleopatra, Ocatvian
  defeated them both- suicide
• 31 BC- Caesar Augustus

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Pax Romana

• Means Roman Peace
• 27 BC to 180 AD

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Fall of Rome

• Inflation, food shortages, end of expansion
  weakens empire
• Diocletian- divided the empire into Greek
  speaking east and Latin west
• Constantine reunited the empire, ended
  persecution of Christians, moved capital to
  Byzantium (Constantinople)

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Fall of Rome

• Germanic invasions weakened the Empire
• Attila the Hun rampaged through Roman lands
• 476- West fell to Vandals
• Eastern half lasts until 1453, defeated by
  Ottoman Turks
• Greco-Roman culture- mix of Greek, Roman,
  Hellenistic influence

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Famous Roman stuff

• Virgil- wrote the Aeneid, modeled after Homers
  work
• Aqueducts- built using arches, they brought fresh
  water to large cities
• Space between chariot wheels- train tracks
• Latin becomes basis for Spanish, French,
  Romanian, Portuguese, Italian
• Colusseum- stadium where gladiators fought

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