The Classics: Ancient Rome

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The Classics Ancient Rome
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Italy (750 BCE) Early People

• Rule by Etruscans (Asia Minor)
• Greek influence
• Monarchy
• Tiber River
• Romans drove out King (509 BCE)
• Beginning of Roman state

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The Roman Republic (509 B.C.E 27 B.C.E)
(officials chosen by the public)

• Senate law-making body
• Patricians landowners upper class
• made laws, served for life
• Plebeians majority farmers, merchants,
  artisans
• Slaves lowest class of society, prisoners of
  war, plebeians enslaved for debt, no legal rights

During times of war, Senate may choose a
dictator to rule
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The Roman Forum
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Twelve Tables of Law (451 B.C.E)

• Romes 1st written legal code
• Laws were displayed in the forum

Why is this a major breakthrough?
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Do Now What happened between 264 BCE 146 BCE?
264 BCE
146 BCE
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Post-Punic WarsRoman Empire (146 BCE)
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Punic Wars (264 BCE-146 BCE)Wars fought b/w Rome
empire of Carthage (Hannibal)

• Effects of Roman Victory
• Roman Empire expands Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica,
  Carthage
• Why were they so victorious?
• Highly trained and organized army Naval power
• Assimilation of conquered
• ex citizenship, taxes, army, retain customs
• 2. Spread of Hellenistic culture (cultural
  diffusion)

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• Trade/Commerce increases
• New wealth (land)
• Creation of Latifundia (estates of land)
• Worked by slaves (pows)
• Small farmers cant produce goods as cheaply as
  latifundia
• face debt, sell land
• move to Rome, look for jobs
• mob violence
• Republic fails to stop violence!

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• 4. Civil War
• Who should hold power?
• Senate or leaders seeking reform?
• Commanders had ideas for Rome!

• Julius Caesar
• victorious commander/conqueror
• famous
• forces Senate to make him dictator (48 BCE)

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Roman Empire (44 BCE)
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The Roman Empire (27 BCE-476)

• Romes 1st Emperor (end of Republic)
• Octavian Augustus
• foundation for stable government
• His rule began a period known as Pax Romana
  Roman Peace
• Golden Age

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Romes Early Road System
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Roman Aqueducts
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The Roman Coliseum
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The Coliseum Interior
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Task Based on your understanding of the Roman
Empire/Pax Romana complete the following task

• Create a SKIT illustrating this time period in
  Roman history (27 B.C.E. 476)
• Directions
• Pretend that you are living in the Roman Empire.
• Create a skit that focuses on 3 (min.)
  characteristics of the Roman Empire.
• Skits must be realistic and historically accurate.

Be creative and have fun with the assignment!
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Examining The Roman EmpireFor each group,
identify the characteristics of the Roman Empire
presented!
Group
Characteristics of the Roman Empire
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2
3
4
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Quick-Write What was life like under the Roman
Empire?

• Based on your reading/notes and class
  performances!

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Homework

• Would you rather be ruled by a foreign power and
  live well or by your own people and live with
  less?
• Explain and defend your position with your own
  examples examples from the reading.
• Due Thursday

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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire
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Do Now What was the religion of the early
Roman Empire?
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What effects did Roman Rule have on the Jews

• When the Romans capture Palestine (69 BCE) Jews
  excused from worshipping city gods
• Jewish revolts (66)
• Independent state!
• Romans force Jews off their land Diaspora
  (scattering of the Jews)
• Messiah would arrive one day to lead us Jews
  to freedom
• Jesus preaches new beliefs (26), founder of
  Christianity proclaims to be the Messiah that
  the Jews were waiting for

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The Rise of Christianity
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The Spread of Christianity
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Do Now Why did Christianity spread?
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The Beatitudes
Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the
kingdom of heaven. Blessed are the meek for they
shall possess the land. Blessed are they who
mourn for they shall be comforted. Blessed are
they that hunger and thirst after justice for
they shall have their fill. Blessed are the
merciful for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed
are the clean of heart for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be
called the children of God. Blessed are they that
suffer persecution for justice sake, for theirs
is the kingdom of heaven.
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Love Your Enemies

• A new command I give you Love one another. As I
  have loved you, so you must love one another
  (John 1334).
• 2. But I tell you who hear me Love your enemies,
  do good to those who hate you, bless those who
  curse you, pray for those who mistreat you (Luke
  627-28).
• 3. Bless those who persecute you bless and do
  not curse (Romans 1214).

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The Neronian Persecution Fire in Rome (64)

• There had been no attempt to dismiss the
  suspicion that the fire had been started at the
  Emperors command. Therefore, to quiet the
  rumor, Emperor Nero cast the blame and punished a
  people called Christians that were hated for
  their crimes. Christianity, this noxious
  superstition broke out in Rome, and those who
  confessed were convicted not because of arson but
  for hatred of the human race.

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• To their sufferings was added mockery, for they
  were sewn into the beasts and torn to pieces by
  dogs. Many died on the cross, or as the stake.
  Others, as day passed, were burned to illuminate
  the night. Nero gave his gardens for the
  spectacle and put on a circus, himself mingling
  with the crowd in the costume of a charioteer.

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The blood of the martyr is the seed of the
Christian Church

• 313 AD Edict of Milan (Emperor Constantine)
• Freedom of worship toleration
• Constantine moves capital of empire to
  Constantinople eastern portion of empire becomes
  the center of power!
• 392 AD Christianity becomes the official
  religion of the Roman Empire

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Diocletian Splits the Empire (294 CE)
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Christians as Persecutors

1. Heretics are ravening wolves and treacherous
   spirits which hide within the name of Christian
   and infest the flock of Christ.
2. The Jews are no longer entitled to any
   privileges because they disowned Him, who had
   honored them and given them privileges and
   instead of showing Him reverence, they humiliated
   Him, by shamefully putting Him to death on the
   cross.
3. Womans only purpose was to tempt man from
   following the true path of righteousness. Their
   seductive powers were so great that they could
   cause even angels to sin.

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The Fall of RomeWhat would cause a powerful
empire to collapse?
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Barbarian Invasions 4c-5c
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The Byzantine EmpireThe Surviving Eastern Roman
Empire

• Capital Constantinople
• Preservation of Greek/Roman culture
• Influence spreads to Russia (religion)

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The Byzantine Empire How they were different
from the Romans

• Religion/Culture

• Government/Law

Justinian Theodora
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A Divide in Christianity Schism (1054)
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Christian Differences
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
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