Roman Art

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Roman Art
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Roman Chronology   1. Republic (sculpture may
be called Roman Verism)
509BCE-27 BC ends with Julius Caesar 2. Early
Empire (Early Roman Imperial) (Roman Hellenism)
27 BCE-180 CE from Augustus to Marcus
Aurelius 3. Late Empire (Late Roman Imperial)
180BCE-395
CE Constantine   Edict of Milan, 313 grants
religious freedom
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The Rise of the Republic

• Began with overthrow of last Etruscan King
  Tarquinius Superbus
• Single government ruled for the first time in
  history
• Within this rule were a vast combination of
  people from various cultures, creeds, religions,
  tongues.
• As Romans gained land and authority, they
  employed a legal, administrative and cultural
  structure that would last for years to come, and
  still seen today.

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More info.

• Roman builders and architects developed rational
  planning, durable materials, and highly
  sophisticated engineering methods
• The Romans built a vast and sophisticated network
  of roads. Many modern European highways still
  follow the lines laid down by the Roman engineers
• Wealthy Romans even brought nature in doors by
  commissioning artists to paint landscapes on the
  interior walls of their homes.
• professional artists were generally considered
  little more than skilled laborers.
• The Romans adopted the Greek gods and heroes as
  their own. The Romans assimilated Greek religious
  beliefs and practices into a form of state
  religion.

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Early Roman Architecture

• Exposure to Greek art increased as Romans
  conquered land beyond Italy (Greece became a
  Roman province in 146 BC)

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Temple of Portunus, Rome, 75bce
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Sculpture

• Ancestry was held in very high regard, important
  for dead family members to have presence.
• Portraits were a way of showing patricians
  elevated status

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42. Head of a Roman Patrician, Republican Roman.
c.75-50 BCE marble
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Head of an old man, mid 1st century bce
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Portrait of Roman general, 75-50 bce
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http//touritaly.org/pompeii/pompeii-main.htm


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Brawl in the Pompeii amphitheater, wall painting,
60-79ce
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39. House of the Vettii. Pompeii, Italy. Imperial
Roman. c. second century BCE rebuilt c.62-79 CE.
Cut stone and fresco. (3 images)
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
House owned by two relatives, Aulus Vettius
Restitutus and Aulus Vettius Conviva. The house
expresses wealth, a new class of wealthy freedmen
moving into Pompeii after the 62 CE
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40. Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun,
Pompeii. Republican Roman. c.100 BCE Mosaic
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Early Roman Empire
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Propaganda

• Art that is created to influence or promote an
  idea to the public

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Norman Rockwell, Rosie the Riveter
Rockwells famous Rosie the Riveter poster is
shown below, representing the American women who
worked in the munitions and war supplies
factories during World War II. This was a call to
arms for the women of America to become strong
capable females and support the war effort.
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America is personified as Uncle Sam
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43. Augustus of Prima Porta. Imperial Roman.
Early first century CE Marble
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome, 13-9bce
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Female personification from Ara Pacis Augustae
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Procession of family, Ara Pacis Augustae
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Pont du gard, Nimes, France, 16bce
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44. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater). Rome,
Italy. Imperial Roman. 70-80 CE Stone and
Concrete. (2 Images)
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Portrait of Vespasian, 75-79ce
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Arch of Titus, Rome, after 81ce
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Spoils of Jerusalem, panel from Arch of Titus
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45. Forum of Trajan. Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of
Damascus. Forum and markets 106-112 CE column
complete 113 CE Brick and concrete
(architecture) marble (column. (4 images).
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Column of Trajan, Rome, 112ce
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Column of TrajanTriumphal monument celebrating
victory in the Dacian Wars (2 campaigns)625
scroll-like FriezeTrajan sculpture originally
on topInterior spiral staircaseLittle
violence mostly bureaucratic efficiency,
propaganda to show pax romana rather than
brutalityContinuous narrative Trajan appears
multiple timesFunerary Held Trajans ashes
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Arch of Trajan, 114-118ce
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Portrait of Hadrian, 117-120ce
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46. Pantheon. Imperial Roman. 118-125 CE
concrete with stone facing (2 images)
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, 175ce
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Portrait of Caracalla, 211-217ce
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Portrait of Trajan Decius, 249-251ce
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47. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus. Late Imperial
Roman. c. 250 CE
Form
Content
Function
Context
Terms
Themes
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Sarcophagus of philosopher, 270-280ce
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Portraits of the 4 tetrarchs, 305ce
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Arch of Constantine, 312-315ce
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Distribution of largesse, detail of arch of
Constantine
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Portrait of Constantine, 315-330ce
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Basilica Nova, 306-312ce
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Aula Palatina, interior
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Aula Palatina, early 4th century ce