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Foundations Era

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Foundations Era 8000 BCE 600 CE – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Foundations Era


1
Foundations Era
  • 8000 BCE 600 CE

2
Major Themes of the Foundation Period
  • Interaction and exchange
  • Urbanization
  • Nomadic peoples
  • Axial Age
  • Empires
  • Development and spread of religion
  • Rise of civilizations

3
What is a civilization?
  • Origins of the word
  • Standard criteria
  • Use of term?

4
Civilization?
5
Population
  • Demography the study of the distribution,
    density, and vital statistics of populations
  • What factors influence growth and decline?

6
World Population Growth
7
Top 10 Cities of the Year 100
  1. Rome 450,000
  2. Luoyang (Honan), China 420,000
  3. Seleucia (on the Tigris), Iraq 250,000
  4. Alexandria, Egypt 250,000
  5. Antioch, Turkey 150,000
  6. Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka 130,000
  7. Peshawar, Pakistan 120,000
  8. Carthage, Tunisia 100,000
  9. Suzhou, China n/a
  10. Smyrna, Turkey 90,000

8
Role of Climate and Geography in Early Societies
  • How were early societies affected?
  • How do you think early peoples responded?
  • What difference would geography make in the long
    term development of a society?

9
(No Transcript)
10
Nomadic Peoples
  • Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people)
  • Labor/leisure
  • Population growth
  • Gender relations

11
Early Migration
12
Modern Nomads
13
Rise of Agriculture
  • Spontaneous separate developmentwhy, where,
    when?
  • Diffusion of specific plants and techniques

14
Spread of Agriculture
15
Rise of New Technologies
  • Stone
  • Fire
  • Bronze
  • Iron

16
Early Societies
  • Mesoamerica
  • Egypt
  • India (Indus)
  • China (Shang)
  • Mesopotamia

17
Compare and Contrast
  • Shared Features?
  • Unique Characteristics?

18
Urbanization
  • Comparisons between urban, pastoral, and nomadic
    life
  • How might gender roles be affected as people
    settle?

19
Classical Societies
  • Axial Age
  • Why then?
  • Results
  • Religion
  • Politics
  • Social structure
  • Gender relations

20
The Thinkers of the Axial Age
21
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Polytheisms
  • Hinduism
  • Judaism
  • Confucianism
  • Daoism (Taoism)
  • Buddhism
  • Christianity
  • Islam

22
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Polytheism(s)

23
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Hinduism

24
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Judaism

25
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Confucianism

26
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Daoism (Taoism)

27
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Buddhism

28
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Christianity

29
Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
  • Islam

30
Spread of the World Belief Systems
31
Empire Buildingand Collapse
  • What does an empire require?
  • What do its subjects expect?
  • Symbols of legitimacy
  • Why does an empire fall?

32
Symbols of Legitimacy
33
Achievements
  • Greek science and philosophy
  • Roman law and architecture
  • Political organization in Han China
  • Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India

34
Interregional Networks of People by 600 CE
  • Silk Roads
  • Mediterranean trade
  • Indian Ocean trade
  • Meso and Andean American trade

35
Silk Routes
36
Mediterranean Trade Routes
37
Indian Ocean Trade
38
Conclusions
  • How do we know what we know?
  • How does change happen?
  • What results stem from interaction through
    migration, trade, or pilgrimage?
  • Why do world historians need to pose questions
    differently than regional historians?
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