Title: Foundations Era
1Foundations Era
2Major Themes of the Foundation Period
- Interaction and exchange
- Urbanization
- Nomadic peoples
- Axial Age
- Empires
- Development and spread of religion
- Rise of civilizations
3What is a civilization?
- Origins of the word
- Standard criteria
- Use of term?
4Civilization?
5Population
- Demography the study of the distribution,
density, and vital statistics of populations - What factors influence growth and decline?
6World Population Growth
7Top 10 Cities of the Year 100
- Rome 450,000
- Luoyang (Honan), China 420,000
- Seleucia (on the Tigris), Iraq 250,000
- Alexandria, Egypt 250,000
- Antioch, Turkey 150,000
- Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka 130,000
- Peshawar, Pakistan 120,000
- Carthage, Tunisia 100,000
- Suzhou, China n/a
- Smyrna, Turkey 90,000
8Role of Climate and Geography in Early Societies
- How were early societies affected?
- How do you think early peoples responded?
- What difference would geography make in the long
term development of a society?
9(No Transcript)
10Nomadic Peoples
- Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people)
- Labor/leisure
- Population growth
- Gender relations
11Early Migration
12Modern Nomads
13Rise of Agriculture
- Spontaneous separate developmentwhy, where,
when? - Diffusion of specific plants and techniques
14Spread of Agriculture
15Rise of New Technologies
16Early Societies
- Mesoamerica
- Egypt
- India (Indus)
- China (Shang)
- Mesopotamia
17Compare and Contrast
18Urbanization
- Comparisons between urban, pastoral, and nomadic
life - How might gender roles be affected as people
settle?
19Classical Societies
- Axial Age
- Why then?
- Results
- Religion
- Politics
- Social structure
- Gender relations
20The Thinkers of the Axial Age
21Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
- Polytheisms
- Hinduism
- Judaism
- Confucianism
- Daoism (Taoism)
- Buddhism
- Christianity
- Islam
22Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
23Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
24Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
25Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
26Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
27Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
28Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
29Origins of the Worlds Belief Systems
30Spread of the World Belief Systems
31Empire Buildingand Collapse
- What does an empire require?
- What do its subjects expect?
- Symbols of legitimacy
- Why does an empire fall?
32Symbols of Legitimacy
33Achievements
- Greek science and philosophy
- Roman law and architecture
- Political organization in Han China
- Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India
34Interregional Networks of People by 600 CE
- Silk Roads
- Mediterranean trade
- Indian Ocean trade
- Meso and Andean American trade
35Silk Routes
36Mediterranean Trade Routes
37Indian Ocean Trade
38Conclusions
- How do we know what we know?
- How does change happen?
- What results stem from interaction through
migration, trade, or pilgrimage? - Why do world historians need to pose questions
differently than regional historians?