Bell Work

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Bell Work

• Why were the Intolerable Acts passed? What were
  the terms of the Intolerable Acts?
• This Day in History
• April 20, 1861- Colonel Robert E. Lee resigns
  from the United States army two days after he was
  offered command of the Union army and three days
  after his native state, Virginia, seceded from
  the Union.
• April 20, 1871- With passage of the Third Force
  Act, popularly known as the Ku Klux Act, Congress
  authorizes President Ulysses S. Grant to declare
  martial law, impose heavy penalties against
  terrorist organizations, and use military force
  to suppress the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
• April 20, 1889- Adolf Hitler is born in Austria.
• April 20, 1898- William McKinley asks Congress
  for a declaration of war against Spain.
• April 20, 1999- Two teenage gunmen kill 13 people
  in a shooting spree at Columbine High School in
  Littleton, Colorado.
• April 20, 2010- The BP Oil Spill begins in the
  Gulf of Mexico.

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The American West

• 1858-1896

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Boomtown

• In 1859 Henry Comstock discovered silver in
  Nevada.
• Five years later Nevada was admitted as the 36th
  state.
• Examples of this happened many times in the west
  creating boomtowns.

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Statehood

• Mining lead to statehood for Colorado, Arizona,
  the Dakotas, and Montana.
• When the mines were exhausted many towns were
  abandoned.

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Linking the nation

• In 1862 Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific
  Railway Act.
• The government offered land grants out west for
  every mile of track they laid down.
• During the 1850s and 1860s the government gave
  away 120 million acres of land.

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Union Pacific

• Under the direction of Grenville Dodge.
• Started pushing westward from Omaha, NE in 1865.
• Workers included Civil War vets, Irish
  immigrants, and ex-cons.

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Central Pacific

• Lead by Leland Stanford.
• Headed east from Sacramento, CA. Had to deal with
  building through mountains.
• Hired 10,000 Chinese laborers. Shipped all goods
  around South America.

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Changing America

• In 1883 the American Railway Association divided
  the nation into 4 time zones.
• U.S. was connected like never before.

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Open Range

• Longhorn cattle lived free in Texas.
• After the Civil War beef prices rose so cheap
  cattle was needed in the east.
• Cowboys began driving cattle up to Kansas to get
  on the rail lines back east.

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Homestead Act

• Stephen Long in 1819 called the Great Plains the
  Great American Desert.
• In 1862 the U.S. passed the Homestead Act to
  encourage settlement.
• For 10 people could get 160 acres of land.

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Closing of the Frontier

• In 1889 the U.S. opened the last territories for
  settlement in Oklahoma.
• 10,000 people rushed to claim land in OK.
• The next year the census said there was no longer
  a frontier in America.

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Nomadic People

• Great Plains Indians largely relied on the
  buffalo.
• They were nomadic people who followed the herds
  for food.

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Dakota Sioux Uprising

• The Dakota Sioux had agreed to live on
  reservations in Minnesota for annuities.
• After the rebellion 307 Dakotas were sentenced to
  death.
• After the Sioux fled Minnesota for the Dakota
  territory.

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Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

• John Evans ordered Cheyenne Indians in Colorado
  to surrender.
• In 1864 Chief Black Kettle looked to negotiate
  peace.
• He was ordered to camp at Sand Creek where his
  people were massacred.

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Red Clouds War

• In the mid 19th Century gold was discovered in
  the Black Hills
• The Lakota controlled the Black Hills and the
  Bighorn Mountains.
• In 1866 a group of Lakota under Crazy Horse wiped
  out a group of American soldiers under Captain
  Fetterman.

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Plans for Peace

• The Indian Peace Commission of 1867 proposed two
  large reservations on the Plains.
• Reservations were meant to assimilate Indians
  into white culture.

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Battle of the Little Bighorn, Custers Last Stand

• By the 1870s Indians left the reservations.
• On June 25, 1876 Lt. Col. George Custer attacked
  a group of Lakota and Cheyenne by the Little Big
  Horn River.

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Nez Perce

• In 1877 the Nez Perce people under Chief Joseph
  refused to move to a reservation.
• They eventually would surrender and be forced to
  move to Oklahoma.

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Wounded Knee

• Defying orders the Lakota Sioux continued to do a
  Ghost Dance ritual.
• Sitting Bull had returned from Canada and was
  about to be arrested.
• December 29, 1890 200 Lakota were wiped out by
  the army.

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Chapter 19 Review

• Page 544, 1 and 4
• Page 545, 1-10