Bell Work Thursday 1/29

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Bell WorkThursday 1/29

• Look in your book beginning on page 592 and
  begin reading to find the answers
• 1. Why were Spanish cloth and manufactured goods
  more expensive then those made elsewhere?
• 2. Who was considered the greatest Dutch painter?
  Name one of his paintings?
• 3. What are absolute monarchs?

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Absolute Monarchs in Europe

• Chapter 21

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Section 1-Spains Empire and European Absolutism
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A Powerful Spanish Empire

• Philip II-
• Son of Charles V
• Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and
  Spains American colonies
• Philip was shy, serious, deeply religious, and
  aggressive for the sake of his empire

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A Powerful Spanish Empire

• Philip IIs Empire-
• Controlled Portugals holdings, strongholds in
  Africa, India, and the East Indies
• Received 1/4th to 1/5th of each ships treasure
• Supported an army of 50,000
• Defended and supported Catholicism against
  Muslims

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Golden Age of Spanish Literature

• During the 16th and 17th century Spain
  experienced a golden age in arts
• El Greco-
• Means the Greek
• Paintings represented the deep Catholic faith of
  Spain
• Were often hard to understand
• Diego Velazquez-
• His paintings reflected the pride of the Spanish
  monarchy

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Golden Age of Spanish Literature

• Don Quixote-Published in 1605
• Called the birth of the modern European novel
• Written by Miguel de Cervantes
• Story surrounds a poor man who read to many
  novels about kings, than went crazy

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The Spanish Empire Weakens

• Inflation and Taxes
• Inflation-The decline in the value of money
• Causes of Spanish inflation
• Population had increased and due to the increased
  need for goods merchants raised prices
• The value of the silver bullion had decreased

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The Spanish Empire Weakens

• Making Spains Enemies Rich
• Spain bought most of their products from France,
  England and the Netherlands
• To finance their wars they borrowed money from
  German and Italian bankers

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The Independent Dutch Prosper

• The Netherlands won their independence from Spain
  in 1579
• They had the best banks and the best artists in
  Europe during the 1600s
• Rembrandt van Rijn-
• Painted wealthy middle-class merchants and groups
  
• Famous works also included The Night Watch and a
  series of paintings about Jesus

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The Independent Dutch Prosper

• Dutch Trading Empire-
• Had the largest fleet of ships in the world
• 4,800 ships
• Dutch East Indian Company-
• Dominated the spice trade and the Indian Ocean
  trade

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Absolutism in Europe

• Absolute Monarchs-
• Kings or Queens held all the power within their
  states boundaries
• Divine Right-
• The belief that God created the monarch and
  monarchy to act as representatives of God

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Bell Work Wednesday 2/04

• Look in your book beginning on page 596
• to find the answers
• 1. What declaration was made in the Edict of
  Nantes?
• 2. What was the job of an intendant?
• 3. What was the result of the War of Spanish
  Succession?

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Section 2-The Reign of Louis XIV
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Religious Wars and Power Struggles

• Henry IV-
• In 1589 became the 1st king of the Bourbon
  dynasty in France
• He was decisive, fearless in battle and a clever
  politician
• Converted to Catholicism to make the people of
  France happy

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Religious Wars and Power Struggles

• Edict of Nantes-
• Declaration of religious tolerance that allowed
  the Huguenots to set up their own place of
  worship

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Religious Wars and Power Struggles

• Cardinal Richelieu-
• A strong minister appointed by Louis XIII to
  compensate for his weakness
• Took two steps to increase the power of the
  Bourbon monarchy
• Moved against the Huguenots
• Felt Protestantism was an excuse for conspiracies
  against the Catholic Church
• Sought to weaken the power of nobles

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Writers Turn Towards Skepticism

• Skepticism-
• The idea that nothing can ever be known for
  certain
• To doubt was viewed as the first step to
  discovering the truth

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Louis XIV Comes to Power

• Louis XIV-
• Most powerful ruler in French History
• Viewed the state and himself as one and the same
• His goal was to become so strong that the nobles
  could never threaten him

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Louis XIV Comes to Power

• Intendants-Government agents who collected taxes
  and administered justice in France under Louis
  XIV
• Jean Baptiste Colbert-Minister of France who
  believed they should be self sufficient
• Fan of mercantilism
• Gave tax breaks to French companies
• Recognized how vital Frances colonies were in
  terms of receiving raw materials

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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

• By 1660 France had a population of 20 million
  people
• Frances army was superior to the other European
  Countries in
• The size of their army
• Their training
• Their weaponry

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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

• The War of Spanish Succession-
• Lasted from 1701 to 1714
• Charles II of Spain had promised the throne to
  Frances Philip of Anjou
• England, Austria, Dutch Republic, Portugal and
  several German and Italian states joined forces
  to prevent the union of the France and Spain
  thrones

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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

• The War of Spanish Succession
• Treaty of Utrecht-Stated that Philip could remain
  king of Spain as long as both thrones remained
  separate
• England emerges as the big winner
• They captured the fort at Gibraltar
• Received permission to send slaves to Spains
  American colonies
• England also received Nova Scotia and
  Newfoundland (In modern day Canada)

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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

• Louis Death and His Legacy
• Positive Effects
• France ranked as the best European country in
  terms of art, literature, and statesmanship
• Strongest military power in Europe
• Negative Effects
• The Palace of Versailles plunged France into debt
• There was resentment over high taxes and Louis
  abuse of power

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Bell WorkThursday 2/05

• Look in your book beginning on page 603
• to find the answers
• 1. What were the major conflicts during the
  Thirty Years War
• 2. How did Ferdinand II pay the 125,000 soldiers
  who served in his army?
• 3. What countries were allies during the Seven
  Years War?

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Section 3-Central European Monarchs Clash
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The Thirty Years War

• The Thirty Years War
• A conflict over religion, territory, and power
  among European ruling families that lasted from
  1618 to 1648.
• It can be broken down into two parts
• The Hapsburg Triumphs
• The Hapsburg Defeats

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The Thirty Years War

• The Hapsburg Triumphs
• Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain crushed
  Protestant forces in Germany and those hired by
  princes as well as the Czech uprising
• Ferdinand II paid his 125,000 man army by
  allowing them to loot the areas they attacked

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The Thirty Years War

• The Hapsburg Defeats-
• 1630 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his 23,000
  man army drove the Hapsburg army out of Germany
• 1635 Cardinal Richelieu sent French troops to
  help German and Swedish protestants
  fighting the Hapsburgs

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The Thirty Years War

• Peace of Westphalia-1648
• Weakened the Hapsburg states of Austria and
  Germany
• Awarded France German territory
• Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman
  Empire
• Ended religious wars in Europe
• Created a method of negotiations for reaching
  peace

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States Form in Central Europe

• Economic contrasts in the West
• Serfs in the west moved to towns and gained
  economic power through the development of
  capitalism
• The aristocracy in Central Europe passed laws to
  restrict the serfs ability to gain freedom
• The Ottoman Empire and Holy Roman Empire had been
  severely weakened by the 1600s

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Persia Challenges Austria

• Frederick The Great-
• Loved music, philosophy and poetry
• His father feared he wasnt militarily savvy
  enough to rule
• When he and his friend ran away his punishment
  was to watch his friends beheading
• He encouraged religious tolerance, legal reform
  and felt a king should act like a father to his
  people

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Persia Challenges Austria

• The Seven Years War-
• 1756 Frederick attacked Saxony as a result all
  major European powers were now at war
• Britain and Prussia on one side
• Austria, France, and Russia on the other
• The war was fought in Europe, India and North
  America
• The War ended in 1763 with no major territorial
  changes

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European Monarchs Timeline

• Directions Please create a timeline the included
  9 important dates (3 from each section) from
  Chapter 21 Sections 1-3. Make sure to include a
  sentence with each date explaining its
  importance.

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European Monarchs Timeline
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European Monarchs Timeline
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Bell WorkFriday 2/06

• Look in your book beginning on page 608
• to find the answers
• 1. How did Ivan The Terrible deal with the
  boyars during his bad period?
• 2. What city did Peter build as the new capital
  of Russia?
• 3. Name two ways Peter tried to westernize
  Russia?

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Section 4-Absolute Rulers of Russia
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The First Czar

• Boyars-Russias land owning nobles
• Czar-Russian term for Caesar
• Ivan The Terrible-
• The years 1547 to 1560 are referred to as his
  Good Period
• He won great victories
• Added new land to Russia
• Created a code of law
• Ruled Justly

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The First Czar

• Ivans Bad Period
• He blamed the boyars of poisoning his wife
  Anastasia
• Created a police force to hunt down and kill
  those he considered traitors
• He gave the boyars estates to nobles he
  considered loyal to him
• In 1581 Ivan killed his oldest son during a
  violent fight

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Peter the Great Comes to Power

• Peter The Great-
• One of Russias greatest reformers
• Ruled from 1696 to 1725
• Great Embassy-Peters long visit to Western
  Europe
• Peters goals were to learn about European
  customs and manufacturing techniques

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Peter Rules Absolutely

• Religious differences widened the gap between
  Europe and Russia
• Russians practiced Eastern Orthodox Christianity
• Western Europeans were either Catholic or
  Protestant
• Westernization- Peters goal of using western
  Europe as a model for change in Russia
• This included a 200,000 man army paid for by
  heavy taxes

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Peter Rules Absolutely

• Peters plan for Westernizing Russia
• Introduced potatoes
• Started Russias first news paper
• Raised the social status of women by inviting
  them to social gatherings
• Ordered nobles to wear western fashion
• Introduced school that taught the arts, science
  and navigation
• St. Petersburg was built as Russias new capital
  city

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Bell WorkMonday 2/09

• Look in your book beginning on page 615
• to find the answers
• 1.Why was the death of Charles I considered
  revolutionary?
• 2. What rights were guaranteed under the Habeas
  Corpus Act?
• 3. How does a constitutional monarchy differ from
  an absolute monarchy?

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Section 5-Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
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Monarchs Defy Parliament

• Charles I-
• Took the throne in 1625
• Always seemed to need money b/c he was at war
  with Spain and France
• Signed the Petition of Right but ignored it

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Monarchs Defy Parliament

• Petition of Right-
• The king would not imprison subjects w/out due
  cause
• No taxes w/out Parliaments consent
• Soldiers would not be housed in private homes
• Martial law would not be imposed during peace
  time

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English Civil War

• English Civil War-1642 to 1649
• Parliament had passes laws to limit royal power
  and Charles I tried to have Parliamentary leaders
  arrested
• Cavaliers or Royalists Those loyal to King
  Charles
• Puritans Supporters of Parliament
• Ended with the beheading of Charles I
• First time a reigning monarch had faced a public
  trial and execution

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English Civil War

• Oliver Cromwell-
• By 1645 Cromwells New Model Army had began
  defeating the Cavaliers
• In 1647 they captured King Charles and took him
  prisoner
• Charles's was found guilty of treason and
  beheaded
• 1649 Cromwell abolished the monarchy and
  established a commonwealth
• Laws that supported puritan morality abolished
  sinful activities such as theatre, sporting
  events and dancing

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Restoration and Revolution

• Restoration-
• Period of time in which the monarchy was restored
  under Charles II
• Habeas Corpus-
• Passed in 1679 this law gave prisoners' a written
  guarantee that they would be brought before the
  judge to specify their charges

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Restoration and Revolution

• Glorious Revolution-
• The bloodless overthrow of King James II in 1688
• Seven members of Parliament invited William and
  Mary to overthrow James
• The goal was to overthrow him for the sake of
  Protestantism
• James fled to France when William invaded

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Limits on Monarchs Power

• Constitutional Monarchy-
• Laws limited the power of rulers
• Parliament became William and Marys partner in
  governing
• Cabinet-
• Ministers/officials acting in the rulers name but
  truly represented the major party in Parliament
• This was the link between the monarch and the
  major Parliamentary party

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Limits on Monarchs Power

• Bill of Rights-
• Drafted in 1689 it was designed to clarify the
  limits of royal power
• Listed what the ruler could not do
• No suspending parliaments laws
• No levying taxes without a grant from parliament
• No interference with Parliaments freedom of
  speech
• No penalty for citizens who used petition to
  bring their grievances to the king

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Chapter 21 Review Terms
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Chapter 21 Review Terms
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Chapter 21 Review Terms
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Chapter 21 Review Terms