THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

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THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
Ir. SIBYLLE VERPLAETSE
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Livestock industry and water quality
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farms in Flanders

• 34.000 farms

Cattle farms 13.300
Pig farms 3.300
Poultry farms 800
Combination cattle pig farms 2.600
Combination cattle poultry farms 300
Combination pig poultry farms 150
Combination cattle pigs - poultry 70
Other 13.600
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Livestock units in Flanders
2006 Mio LU
Cattle 1,3
Pigs 5,8
Poultry 25,5
Manure surplus
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• Flanders 13.500 km²
• Agricultural land 670.000 ha

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MAP-monitoring network(surface water)

• Specific monitoring in agricultural areas
• 260 from 1999 to end 2002
• 800 from end 2002 until presently
• Results are communicated to the sector on a
  monthly basis ( CD-rom) and are published on the
  internet

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MAP-monitoring network(surface water)
Evolution of the MAP-results
  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
MAP-sites with mean exceeding 50 mg nitrate per litre 23 18 17 9 11 17 14
yearly mean nitrate concentration (mg nitrate per litre) 34,5 30,3 28,8 22,1 24,4 28,6 27,2
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Groundwater monitoring

• Intensive monitoring 2100 monitoring locations
  in phreatic groundwater since 2004
• First results of groundwater monitoring

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Nitrate residue measurements
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Manure management and treatment
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Manure management

• Storage
• Extended obligations for minimum storage capacity
• Transport
• stricter regulations
• Application
• Longer closed period and strict application
  manner
• Processing
• Revised manure processing obligation

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Manure storage

• Obligation for minimum storage capacity
• Minimum 9 months for pigs (in 2011)
• For cattle and poultry
• Minimum 6 months for liquid manure
• Minimum 3 months for solid manure
• Minimum 6 months for disposed fertiliser solution
  from substrate horticulture

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Manure transport

• General rule
• All manure must be transported
• by transporters licensed
• by the manure bank
• with manure disposal documents
• Exceptions
• Transport of own manure to own land
• Neighbour regulation (only in the same
  municipality or between neighbouring
  municipalities)
• Export

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PERIOD OF MANURE SPREADING
dec

• Prohibition of spreading
• on Sundays or public holidays (except mineral
  fertilisers)
• before sunrise and after sunset
• on water-saturated, flooded, frozen or
  snow-covered ground
• within 5 m of watercourses (10 m in regions of
  the Flemish Ecological Network and on slopes)

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APPLICATION MANNER
MANURE TYPE CULTIVATION MANURE APPLICATION
Animal manure organic fertilisers Grassland Injection Trailing hoses
Animal manure organic fertilisers Non-cultivated agricultural land Injection Incorporation of manure within 2 hours (Saturday immediate corporation)
Animal manure organic fertilisers Cultivated agricultural land other than grassland Injection Trailing hoses
Other fertilisers All Incorporation within 24 hours
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Manure processing
Raw manure (liquid)
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Digestate

• Co-digestion

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• Drying

Raw manure (solid)

• Separating

Liquid fraction
Solid fraction
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• Bio-thermal drying
• Composting
• Thermal drying
• Liming
• Incineration

• Biological treatment
• Physical chemistry
• Electrolysis
• Evaporation
• Filtration
• Constructed wetlands

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Manure processing
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Liquid manure
digestate
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Manure processing
Solid fraction 3
4 Liquid fraction
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Manure processing

• 2006 processing export 13,3 million kg N and
  11,3 million kg P205

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Management costs (for manure management)
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Management costs

• TRANSPORT and SPREADING
• Average cost 2008 (in function of dry matter,
  distance and period)
• Cattle farms Between 10 and 15 euro/ton raw
  manure
• Pig farms Between 10 and 20 euro/ton raw manure
• Poultry farms Average of 20 euro/ton raw manure

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Management costs

• TRANSPORT PROCESSING/EXPORT
• Average cost 2008 (in function of dry matter,
  distance and period)
• Poultry farms Between 10 and 15 euro/ton raw
  manure Pig farms Between 20 and 25 euro/ton raw
  manure

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Role of the authorities and agencies(Manure Bank)
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Role of authorities

• Regional approach of management of livestock
  waste
• Belgium
• Federal state with 3 regions
• Under Regional Authority
• Environment
• Agriculture

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Environment authority
Minister of environment
Environment and Nature Council of Flanders
(Minaraad)
Policy Council
VMM Flemish Environmental Agency
VLM Flemish Land Agency
Department of Environment, Nature and Energy
OVAM Public Waste Agency of Flanders
Manure Bank
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Land development
VEA Flemish Energy Agency
Rural development
ANB Agency for Nature and Forest
VREG Flemish Regulation Entity for the
Electricity and Gas Market
INB Research Institute for Nature and Forest
.
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Organisation of the Manure Bank

• 1 central administration
• Policy preparation
• Steering the provincial divisions
• 5 provincial executive divisions
• Employment
• Total active employees 200 (including 41
  inspectors)

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Role of the Manure Bank

• Policy support
• Data registration
• Manure production (registration of livestock
  units and feed use)
• Agricultural land (parcels)
• Use of fertilizers
• Manure storage en stocks
• Manure transport
• Manure processing (obligation to process)
• Limiting livestock production (nutrient emission
  rights)
• Nitrate residue measurements
• Sensitizing (advising)
• Enforcement (control)
• Fines

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Inventory of animal production and parcels

• Annual declaration obligation for all farmers
  with
• gt 2 ha agricultural land
• Livestock production gt 300 kg P2O5
• gt 50 are growth medium (horticulture)
• Inventory per farmer livestock units, feed use,
  use of fertilizers, manure stock and agricultural
  land
• Manure bank informs each farmer about
• Maximum application standards for the current
  year in function of crop and vulnerable zone (kg
  N and P2O5)
• Maximum application standards for next year
  according to the vulnerable zone (different
  application standard per crop group)

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Parcel registration

• Entire Flanders is vulnerable zone water (max.
  170 kg animal N)
• Extra Flemisch vulnerable zones (Nature,
  Phosphate saturated area, Groundwater)

Phosphate saturated parcelsless phosphate use
(max 40 kg/ha)
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Application standards

• Application standards for
• Total N (maximum 350 kg N/ha for grassland)
• N from animal manure (170 N/ha)
• N from mineral fertilisers
• N from other organic fertilisers
• Total P2O5
• P2O5 from mineral fertilisers prohibited (with
  exceptions)

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Application standards

• Derogation since 2007 for
• Derogation manure
• All manure from grazing livestock (Cattle, except
  fattening calves Sheep Goats Horses)
• Liquid fraction after separation of pig manure
  (under strict conditions)
• Derogation crops
• N animal manure 250 kg/ha Grassland One cut of
  grass followed by maize in the same growing
  season
• N animal manure 200 hg/ha Winter wheat followed
  by a non N-fixing catch crop Sugar beets and
  Fodder beets

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Transport inventory Manure Transport Internet
Office (MTIL)

• MTIL reports automatically transports online via
  internet to the manure databank
• MTIL checks online some basic criteria (no
  administrative errors)
• Only if MTIL gives approval, a manure disposal
  document can be printed
• MTIL is used by 1240 official recognized
  transporters
• In 2007 8 million ton manure and
• other organic fertilisers are reported by MTIL

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Transport inventory Data validation transport
GPS system

• Phased implementation
• Obligation for big transporters since November
  2006
• Obligation for smaller transporters since
  November 2007
• Control of
• Correct locations (conform document data
  control on the field)
• Tracking transporting routes
• Check on volumes by identification of trucks and
  trailers

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Transport inventory Data validation transport
GPS system
Server 1 central server managed by an extern
GPS-service centre Server 2 central server
managed by the Manure Bank
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Inventory of the manure processing

• Manure processing obligation
• The amount of manure N that has to be processed
  depends on
• the net manure-N surplus of an individual farm
• the location of the farm (manure pressure of the
  municipality)
• Manure processing obligation of net manure-N
  surplus
• 10 in municipalities with lt 170 kg N/ha
• 20 in municipalities with 170-340 kg N/ha
• 30 in municipalities with gt 340 kg N/ha
• 0,6 per 1000 kg N of manure-N surplus of the
  farm
• Manure is only considered to be processed if
  the product is exported outside of Flanders

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Inventory of the manure processing

• Manure processing certificates (MPCs)
• Manure Bank grants MPCs for processed en
  exported animal manure
• MCPs are tradable
• Manure processing obligation is proven with
  MCPs

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Future prospects
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Future prospects

• To improve the water quality we will focus on
• Advising and coaching of farmers
• Individual approach (audits, sensitising)
• Further implementation of code of good
  agricultural practice
• Further development of correct fertilisation on
  parcel level
• Further development of use of soil and manure
  samples
• More follow-up
• Nitrate residue measurements
• AGR-GPS for greater group of transporters
• Stricter enforcement (more cooperation with
  police forces)
• Administrative fines which doubles in case of
  recidivism

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• Thank you for your attention