Manifest Destiny

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Chapter 9

• Manifest Destiny
• focusing on the
• Mexican American War

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Mexican Independence

• Took 13 years, finally achieved in 1821.
• Started with demands for self-govt and local
  uprisings.
• 1810, a priest named Miguel Hidalgo, triggered
  a rebellion that spread throughout Southern
  Mexico.
• Treaty of Cordoba officially granted Mexico its
  independence from Spain!

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Setting up for more problems

• Mexico opens up its border to trade with the USA.
• Spain hadnt allowed foreigners or foreign trade
  within border provinces.
• Mexican Govt set two conditions.
• Settlers had to convert to Catholicism and become
  Mexican citizens.
• American traders saw an opportunity for profit in
  the Santa Fe in the province of New Mexico.

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A closer lookThe Battle of the Alamo

• Lasted 13 days.
• Col Travis asked for help to the people of Texas
  and all the Americans in the World.
• Texans caused 1-1,600 causalities to Mexicans.
• March 6 Santa Anna made his way in.
• He said, take no prisoners
• When the fighting stopped 180 Texas
  dead including leaders (Davy
  Crockett).
• 15 people were spared,
• mostly women and children.

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Election of 1844

• Annexing Texas was the HOT ISSUE!!!
• Henry Clay opposed annexing it.
• Didnt want war with Mexico.
• lt- James K. Polk supported
  annexing.
• - He also supported the re- occupation
  of the northern
  territory to
  gain northern support.
  

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Decision Point Should the United States Annex
Texas?
Should the United States Annex Texas?
DECISION POINT
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Election of 1844 what does it all mean?

• Henry K. Polk wins (11th President)
• Expansionist advocator of Manifest Destiny
• Congress approves annexation.
• Texas becomes 28th state in the Union.
• One month after Congress does this, Mexico breaks
  off all diplomatic relations.

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War with Mexico

• Even if Mexico accepted the annex
  
• The border over Texas and Mexico remained a
  constant battle.
• US claimed Rio Grande was official US/Mex border.
• Mex said it was the Nueces River (few miles
  north).
• Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to try and
  buy New Mexico and California for 30 million!
• Mexican govt didnt even receive him, or hear
  his offer.

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Troops are on the move

• Polk sent General Zachary Taylor
  to lead American forces into
  
  disputed territory.
• Attacked by Mexican forces, killed US troops.
• Polk seized his chance!
• Angry at the American blood on American soil,
  Polk asked Congress to declare war.
• MeanwhileJohn C. Fremont leads troops into
  California in preparation to fight.

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The Trouble with Texas

• May 1846 US declares war on Mexico
• South and West support war.
• Northeast opposed it, called it the war of
  conquest
• Henry David Thoreau, went to jail for not paying
  his taxes to support the war.
• His practice of passive resistance later
  influences Gandhi and MLK, Jr.
• Polks war plan was to seize New Mexico and
  California.
• Stephen Kearney led forces into Santa Fe
• Took New Mexico without firing a shot!
• Next off to California!

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CA The Bear Flag Revolt

• John C. Fremont led a rebellion against Mexican
  authority in California.
• Seized the Mexican leader Mariano Vallejo and
  threw him in jail.
• Made a flag with a grizzly bear and a single star
  and declared California the Bear Flag Republic.
• 1846 Kearneys troops joined the Americans
  rebelling.
• 1847 US controlled California.

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Defeating Mexico

• U.S. Forces invaded Mexico
• Zachary Taylor led forces South from Texas
• Defeated Santa Annas troops
• Winfield Scott landed at Veracruz and moved
  inland toward Mexico City
• Killed 1,000 Mexican soldiers and 100 cadets at
  Chapultepec
• 1847 conquered Mexico City

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Defeating Mexico

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war
• Mexico accepted Rio Grande as its northern border
  
• Mexico gave up a vast stretch of land between
  Texas and the Pacific Ocean that included present
  day states of California, Nevada, Utah, and parts
  of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona
  (Mexican Cession)

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Defeating Mexico cont.

• Gadsden Purchase (1853) U.S. purchased strip of
  land across southern New Mexico and Arizona for
  10 million
• Completed the present-day southwestern boundary
  of the United States

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Wilmot Proviso

• Effect of Mexican American War slavery debate
• Do we allow more slave states?
• What about the balance of Congress?
• 1846 a bill came before Congress to provide
  funds for negotiating with Mexico.
• A Pennsylvania Democrat, David Wilmot, added
  this
• Slavery would not be permitted in any of the
  territory acquried from Mexico.
• CONGRESS SAID HECK NO!
• This showed the widening gap b/t the democratic
  slave-owning south, and the republican free
  north.

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Note Taking Reading Skill Understand Effects
Reading Skill Understand Effects
NOTE TAKING
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The drama isnt overThe California Gold Rush

• Sutters Mill
• 49ers
• Boom town
• Ghost town
• Prejudice
• Chinese
• ½ million
• in California
• 1850
• Applies to
• be a free
• state.

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Transparency Mining for Gold
Mining for Gold
TRANSPARENCY
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California has enough people they want to become
a state.

• But what about the balance of power?

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Chart Clays Compromise of 1850
Clays Compromise of 1850
CHART
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Fate of the Compromise of 1850

• Congress approves!
• Southerners were not happybut it brought a brief
  calm.
• Fugitive Slave Act portion angered many
  Northerners.
• Many feared that Pres. Zach Taylor would veto
• He died so his VP Millard Fillmore became
  President.