Manifest Destiny

1
Manifest Destiny
Chapter 17 EU To what extent did the debates
about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect
the sectional interests of New Englanders,
westerners, and southerners in the period from
1845 to 1855? (2005 FRQ)
2
Events, Causes and Effects of Mexican War!

• Directions Answer the following questions based
  on the 16 documents provided. You may work with
  A PARTNER, but make notes on your own paper. Our
  ultimate goal is to connect the acquisition of
  Texas and California to other events leading up
  to the Civil War.
• Questions
• What were the arguments for/against Mexican War?
• Did Polk provoke the war?
• What were the goals of the U.S. govt in the war?
• Why did so many people oppose the war?

3
U.S. Foreign Policy

• Washingtons Farewell Address
• Jeffersons Tripoli War
• Monroe Doctrine

4
Trends in Antebellum America 1810-1860

1. New intellectual and religious movements.
2. Social reforms.
3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in
   America.
4. Re-emergence of a second party system and
   morepolitical democratization.
5. Increase in federal power ? Marshall Ct.
   decisions.
6. Increase in American nationalism.
7. Further westward expansion.

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Causes of Expansion

• Economic Factors
• Lack of good land
• Panic of 1837
• New Acquisitions
• Texas
• California
• Oregon

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Manifest Destiny

• First coined by newspaper editor, John
  OSullivan in 1845.

• ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over
  spread and to possess the whole of the
  continent which Providence has given us for
  the development of the great experiment of
  liberty and federaltive development of
  self-governmententrusted to us. It is right such
  as that of the tree to the space of air and
  the earth suitable for the full expansion of its
  principle and destiny of growth."

• A myth of the West as a land of romance and
  adventure emerged.

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American Progress by John Gast, 1872
8
Texas Independence (1836-1845)
9
Texas Declaration of Independence
1823 Land grants 300 families Issues with
Mexico Slavery, immigration, local
rights. 1835 Santa Anna takes away local
control, sends army. 1836 Declare independence
Sam Houston C.I.C.
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The Republic of Texas
April 21, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto S.A.
captured Treaty Withdraw troops, Rio Grande
Border 1837 Jackson rec. Republic Texas
petitions for annexation.
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The Battle of the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures
the Alamo
12
Davey Crocketts Last Stand
13
Remember the Alamo!
14
Birth of the Whigs!

• Platform activist government, American System,
  reformers
• Election of 1836 Van Buren V. Wm. H. Harrison

Problems Panic, Annexation of TX, Canada,
second-class man
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Election of 1840

• Van Buren V. Harrison (Tippecanoe Tyler Too!)
• Issueless and enemy-less
• Log Cabins and Hard Cider!

Whig Goals American System Webster Sec of
State Clay Senate Majority Leader
Harrison dies after 40 days Tyler The
Accidental President Thrown out of Whig Party
(Bank, tariff veto)
16
Election of 1844
James Polk V Henry Clay Issues Oregon 54
40 or Fight Texas
Liberty Party- Drew votes away from Henry Clay,
allowed Polk to win
Pres. Tyler takes Polks election as a mandate
and annexes TX in 1845 by joint resolution
(simple majority) 28th STATE!
17
Texas (the beast) I fear I cannot carry you
into the
Presidential Chair.Polk Dear Texas, I knew you
cannotI wish I had rode some other
horse but it is too late to repent.
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Goals of Polks Administration

1. Lower the tariff Walker Tariff 1846
2. Resolve the Oregon boundarydispute 1845 _at_ 49th
   parallel
3. Restore the independent treasury (Bank)
4. Acquire California Wanted to buy, but
   relationship strained due to TX.

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Overland Immigration to the West

• Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people
  made the trekwestward.

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The Oregon Dispute 54 40º or Fight!

• By the mid-1840s,Oregon Fever was spurred on
  by the promise of free land.

• The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.
  (Anglo-American Convention)

21
The Oregon Trail Albert Bierstadt, 1869
22
Trails Westward
23
The Doomed Donner Party
April, 1846 April, 1847
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The Mexican War (1846-1848)
25
The Bear Flag Republic
The Revolt ? June 14, 1845
John C. Frémont
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The Slidell Mission Nov., 1845

• Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as
  the TX-US border.
• Would forgive American citizensclaims against
  the Mexican govt. (3 million)
• US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for
  5,000,000.
• US would pay for California - 25 million

John Slidell
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Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express
and fundamental condition to the acquisition of
any the Republic of Mexico by the United States,
by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated
between them, and to the use by the Executive of
the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in
any part of said territory, except for crime,
whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Passed by House, defeated in Senate
Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)
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The Mexican War (1846-1848)
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General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto
1-13-46 ordered into neutral territory April
25-May 8, 1846 Battle American blood upon
American Soil. May 9 Polk asks for War
Unpaid Damages Slidells rejection Abraham
Lincolns Spot Resolutions
Old Rough and Ready
30
The Bombardment of Vera Cruz
Winfield Scott Sept. 1847
31
General Scott Enters Mexico City
Old Fuss and Feathers
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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

• Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio
  Grande River.
• Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
  (1/2 territory)
• U. S. gave Mexico 15,000,000 and agreed to pay
  the claims of American citizens against
  Mexico(over 3,500,000).

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Results of the Mexican War?

• Positives Negatives
• Land gt LA Purchase - Mexico Latin America
  angry
• Manifest Destiny! - 13,000 lives and 100
  million
• Worldwide respect - Issue of slavery
• Improved military - Colossus of the North

Wilmot Proviso!
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Unresolved Issues New Opportunities
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Free Soil Party
Free Soil! Free Speech!
Free Labor! Free Men!
WHY?

• Barnburners discontented northern Democrats.
• Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig
  Parties.
• Opposition to the extension of slavery in the
  newterritories!

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The 1848 Presidential Election Results
v
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Manifest Destiny
Chapter 17 EU To what extent did the debates
about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect
the sectional interests of New Englanders,
westerners, and southerners in the period from
1845 to 1855? (2005 FRQ) Brainstorming What
facts can you provide to answer the above
question?