Manifest Destiny

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Chapter 9

• Manifest Destiny

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1. Migrating to the West

• Trace the settlement and development of the West.
• Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny.
• Describe the causes and challenges of westward
  migration.
• Explain the causes and effects of the Mexican War.

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Southwest

• Southwest had been settled by Spain in the 1500s
• Catholic missions Mexico gained independence
  from Spain
• Land is attractive to Americans
• Came at expense of Indians and Mexicans

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Westward Movement

• Expansionists people who favored territorial
  growth
• Manifest Destiny expansion west
• Trade with Mexico
• Santa Fe Trail
• Traded horses, mules, fur, silver for
  manufactured goods
• Others went through Rockies Mountain Men
  California Trail (to northern California)
• Oregon Trail branched off into Oregon

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Westward Movement cont.

• Wagon trains journey west
• Pulled by oxen traveled in large groups
• Dangers - hunger, exposure, disease
• Donner party in Sierra Nevada
• Mormon leader, Brigham Young (Joseph Smith had
  been killed) settles around the Great Salt Lake
  (later Utah)
• Conflicts w/Indians

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2. Texas Mexican War

• Texas was a Mexican province
• Americans migrate to Texas cheap, fertile land
  in exchange for being Mexican citizens,
  Catholics, no slavery
• Stephen Austin leads settlers
• Tensions grow Americans didnt keep bargain

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Texas cont.

• Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana seized power and wants
  greater autonomy over Texas
• 1835 Texans revolt create Lone Star Republic
• Mexican army attacked garrison at the Alamo
  overran fort and massacred all prisoners (Davy
  Crockett, Jim Bowie) second attack at Goliad
• Enraged Americans Remember the Alamo!
• http//www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-
  us/videos/the-alamo
• Sam Houston rallied Texans and crushed Mexican
  army at Battle of San Jacinto
• Texan independence but border troubles

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Mexican War

• Sam Houston president of Texas asked U.S. to
  annex Texas
• Congress didnt want a big new slave state
• James K. Polk becomes U.S. President (Democrat)
  favored annexation, expansion
• Northerners would accept Texas if they got
  something
• Compromise w/Britain they got British Columbia,
  U.S. got Oregon, Washington, Idaho

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Mexican War cont.

• Texas annexed but U.S. wants border extended to
  Rio Grande River
• U.S. had many advantages technology, greater
  population, industry, better trained military
• Some famous names General Zachary Taylor,
  Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses Grant,
  William T. Sherman
• U.S. wins every major battle the war

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3. Effects of Expansion War

• Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo
• U.S. gains tremendous territory in Southwest
• Mexican Cession Manifest Destiny achieved
• Gadsden Purchase (from Mexico) gives us more land
• Wilmot Proviso ban slavery in all new
  territories from Mexico
• Divides Congress

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Gold Rush

• 1848 John Sutters mill gold discovered!
• Forty-niners flock to California
• California Gold Rush
• Tough conditions, competition, dangerous (no rule
  of law)
• California applies for statehood as a free state
• Tips the balance from 15/15 shows the effects
  of westward expansion on tensions over slavery
• http//www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-
  us/videos/gold-rush

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