Cell structures

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Cell structures Functions
Animal Cell
Bacterial Cell
Plant Cell
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Organelles

• Structures that carry out specific activities in
  the cell.
• Found in the
• cytoplasm

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Cell membrane

• Location Surrounding the cell
• Function Controls the movement of materials into
  and out of the cell
• Selectively permeable

• Made of proteins and phospholipids

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Cytoplasm

• Location most of cell
• Function jelly like substance that provides
  support for organelles, and a place for reactions
  to occur.

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Nucleus

• Location center of cell, bound by the nuclear
  membrane.
• Function controls the normal activities of the
  cell.
• Contains chromosomes

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Nucleolus

• Location inside Nucleus
• Function makes ribosomes.

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Ribosomes

• Location cytoplasm, and on the Rough ER
• Function structure on which proteins are made.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
A highly folded membrane used to move proteins
through the cell. Two types

• Smooth ER
• lacks ribosomes
• Rough ER
• has ribosomes
• on its surface

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Can you tell rough ER from smooth ER?
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Golgi Apparatus

• Flattened membrane bound sacs
• Function packaging and distribution center

-Contains enzymes that modify proteins received
in vesicles from the ER. -Then repackaged in
new vesicles to be shipped out
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Lysosome

• Small, spherical vesicles
• Function Contains cells digestive enzymes
• Breaks down foods, and worn out cell parts

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Mitochondria

• Function harvests energy from organic compounds
  to make ATP (energy)
• Has its own DNA and ribosomes
• Primitive prokaryotes are the ancestors of
  mitochondria

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Cytoskeleton

• Made up of Microtubules Microfilaments
• Function Structure support

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Plant Cells
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Chloroplast

• Function photosynthesis - traps sunlight to make
  sugars (food)
• Contain green pigment called chlorophyll

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Vacuole

• Function stores compounds such as sugars,
  proteins, minerals, wastes, pigments, maintains
  cell structure (turgidity)
• Large single central vacuole

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Cell wall

• Function Gives shape to cell, protection,
  support, prevents excess water entry Lysing
• Made of cellulose, very rigid
• Outside cell membrane

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Differences between plant cells and animal cells

• Animal Cell
• Smaller in size
• Irregular shape
• Nucleus in center
• No cell wall
• Vacuole small or none at all
• No chloroplasts

• Plant Cell
• Larger in size
• Regular shape
• Nucleus against wall
• Cell wall
• Single large Central vacuole
• Chloroplasts

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Cells viewed in Lab
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Cork Cells
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Cheek cells
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Elodea cells
10X
Chloroplasts
40X
100X
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Onion Cell
Nucleus