Cell Structure and Function

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Cell Structure and Function
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OBJECTIVE

• Today we will talk about the difference between
  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We will also
  review for the quiz tomorrow by playing a game!

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The Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in living things.
• New cells are produced from existing cells.

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Types of Cells

• Two kinds of cells depending on whether they have
  a nucleus

Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Genetic material
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Prokaryotes

• Usually small and simple
• Genetic material (DNA) is not contained in a
  nucleus
• The ONLY prokaryotes in the world are BACTERIA.

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Prokaryotic Cells
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Eukaryotes

• Usually larger and more complex than prokaryotes.
• May be unicellular like an amoeba or
  multicellular like a plant
• Contain dozens of specialized structures called
  organelles.
• Includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.

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Eukaryotic cells
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Lysosomes-The Clean Up Crew

• Function
• Breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins
  into small molecules to be used by the rest of
  the cell
• Breakdown used up organelles
• Get rid of all stuff in the cell
• Structure
• Small, filled with enzymes

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Plant vs. Animal Cell
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Vacuoles - Storage

• Function
• Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
• Structure
• Sac-like
• Plant cells have one large central vacuole
• Animal cells have many small vacuoles

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Chloroplasts Energy in Plants

• Function
• Captures energy from the sun (solar energy) and
  changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants
  (photosynthesis)
• Structure
• Surrounded by two membranes
• Contains own genetic information like
  mitochondria
• Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
• Not found in animal cells!

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CILIA/FLAGELLA

• Cilia are short hair-like structures that help
  the cell move around.
• Flagella are long whip-like structures that also
  assist the cell in moving.

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Cell Wall

• Function
• Provides support and protection for the cell
• Structure
• Lies outside the cell membrane
• Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
• NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!