Phoneme vs. Allophones - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Phoneme vs. Allophones

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Phoneme vs. Allophones phoneme vs. allophones broad transcription abstract segment mental unit underlying representation meaning significance distinguish ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Phoneme vs. Allophones


1
Phoneme vs. Allophones
2
phoneme vs. allophones
  • broad transcription
  • abstract segment
  • mental unit
  • underlying representation
  • meaning significance
  • distinguish words
  • (minimal pair)
  • unpredictable
  • narrow transcription
  • concrete phones
  • practical pronunciation
  • free variation
  • no meaning significance
  • non-distinctive
  • In complementary distribution
  • (mutually exclusive)
  • rule-governed

3
phoneme vs. allophones
  • p, ph, p
  • t, th, t
  • k, kh, k
  • /p/
  • /t/
  • /k/

Minimal pairs
allophones pit vs. bit /p/
? p / s___ spoon, speak time vs.
dime /p/ ? ph / ___
picture, pure keep vs. beep /p/
? p / ___ stop, cup
4
Allophonic variations of the phoneme /t/ (????)
(??)
  • /t/ ? th / ___
  • /t/ ? t / s___
  • /t/ ? t? / ___
  • /t/ ? tN / ___nasal
  • /t/ ? tL / ___lateral
  • /t/ ? tG / V___V
  • in complementary distribution(??? ??)
  • mutually exclusive in their environment
  • (?? ??? ??)

5
  • a. aspirated (??, ???, ???)
  • /t/ ? th / ___ Tim, take, time,
    together, terrible
  •  
  • b. unaspirated (???, ????)
  • /t/ ? t / s___ stem, strike, stop,
    stake, stream
  •  
  • c. unreleased (????, ???)
  • /t/ ? t? / ___ spot, pit, foot, hat,
    hot, caught
  • d. nasal plosive (?? ???)
  • /t/ ? tN / ___nasal bit me, batman,
    statement, button, bottom
  •  
  • e. lateral plosive (?? ???)
  • /t/ ? tL / ___lateral bottle, cattle,
    blatantly, immediately
  • f. flap (???)
  • /t/ ? tG / V___V Betty, battery, water,
    botany, better, hotter
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