Integrated Pest Management

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Integrated Pest Management

• INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENCE OF PEST MANAGEMENT
• Josh Miller
• Topic 2045

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Plant Health and Pests

• The condition of a plant as related to disease
• Plant pest
• Anything that causes injury or loss to a plant
• Most are living organisms
• May kill the plant or make it worthless

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How Pests Cause Losses

• Examples of pest losses
• Damage plant parts-eat holes in leaves, buds,
  roots, fruit and other plant structures
• Compete for space and nutrients weeds grow and
  compete for water and nutrients with crop
• Reduce quality of harvested crop pest may
  contaminate the products of plants
• Increased production cost control methods are
  expensive and causes lower quality

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Pest Control Tactics

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Using pest control methods that produce favorable
  consequences
• Two major procedures
• Scouting- observing crops for presence of pest
• Control- measures selected based on monitoring
  information

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Chemical Control Failure

• Rapidly expanded for 3 decades following 1945
• Mid 1970s scientist observed some pests were no
  longer being effected
• Pest have shown that they can adapt

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Environmental Contamination

• Widespread use of large amounts causing damage to
  the environment
• Things that were being contaminated
• Soil
• Water
• Air
• Pesticide residues were found in food, feed and
  organisms at all levels

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Using IPM

• Key pests must be identified
• These are the pest that cause regular losses
• The presence of weeds or insects does not mean
  that is is a key pest

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Agroecosystems

• The ecosystem that is created in fields,
  orchards, pastures and other places where crops
  are grown
• Can be used to benefit crops and reduce pest

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Characteristics of Agroecosystems

• One species usually predominates
• There are numerous insects, birds and
  microorganisms that live there
• Humans intensively manipulate
• Plowing, seeding, mowing, fertilizing, using
  pesticide alter system
• Crop density has a positive effect

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Agroecosystem Planning

• Pest problems can be reduced using selected crop
  varieties
• Some problems and be anticipated and avoided with
  good planning
• Host plant resistance
• Plants that are resistant to some pests

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Thresholds

• Point at which an event or change occurs
• Injury threshold
• Based on the damage caused by a potential pest to
  a crop to be classified as a pest
• Some insects and live in a crop plant and cause
  no damage
• One weed or insect doesnt create crop injury
• Economic threshold
• Based on the returns to be gained from using a
  pesticide

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Benefits to Agriculture

• Major benefits of IPM
• Reduce pesticide cost
• Reduce application cost
• Less pesticide resistance
• Promote sustainable agriculture
• Reduce crop damage
• Stronger social and political support

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Benefits to the Environment

• Major benefits of IPM
• Reduced contamination
• Fewer residues on food
• Improved human health

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Safety with Pesticides

• Pesticide is a poison
• Classification of Pesticide
• Toxicity the degree of poison in a material
• Two categories
• General-use pesticide widely used by following
  instructions on the label
• Restricted-use pesticide higher toxicity than
  general-use with a higher risk

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Possible Hazards to People

• Carcinogen a pesticide suspected of causing
  cancer
• Pesticides enter human body through skin, mouth
  and inhalation
• 90 of all exposure occurs through the skin

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Possible Hazards to People cont.

• Dermal Exposure
• Forearm 1.0
• Palm 1.3
• Ball of foot 1.6
• Abdomen 2.1
• Scalp 3.7
• Forehead 4.2
• Ear Canal 5.4
• Scrotal area 11.8

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Possible Hazards to People cont.

• Protective equipment
• Gloves
• Boots
• Hats
• Overalls
• Goggles
• Face shields
• Respirator

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Safety Procedures

• Use only approved pesticides in approved ways
• Read and follow instructions
• Use only when needed
• Use low toxicity pesticides
• Consider weather
• Properly use equipment

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Safety Procedures cont.

• Properly dispose of empty containers
• Avoid contaminating the environment
• Protect from exposure
• Post warning signs
• Know emergency procedures