Integrated Crop Pest Management

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Integrated Crop Pest Management

• Montana Small Grain Guide

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ICPM

• combines chemical, biological and cultural pest
  control methods with crop management strategies
  designed for Maximum Profit
• Management should efficiently convert water into
  grain

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Is ICPM for you?

• In years of abundant rainfall, do my yield levels
  increase by 7 bushels per inchof additional
  moisture for barley (4-5 for wheat)?
• Do I select a variety that yields best for my
  location, and has the specific insect and disease
  resistance necessary?
• Is my fertility program based on soil test
  results, soil moisture, probable rainfall?

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Is ICPM for you?

• Do I plant early enough and use adequate seeding
  rates and row spacing to allow maximum yields?
• Does money spent on fertilizer produce profit?
• Can I identify weed seedlings, plant disease
  symptoms and various types of insect damage

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Is ICPM for you?

• Other than chemical control, do I know additional
  methods to control crop pests?
• Do I examine fields during the growing season
  other than from the pickup?
• Do I accurately measure and record precipitation?
• Can I manage crop residue to minimize disease and
  weed problems, while conserving water?

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Is ICPM for you?

• If you answered NO to any of these questions,
  ICPM could be for you.

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Field Scouting

• Crop and pest monitoring should be based on four
  or more locations within the field.
• avoid field borders, fence rows, ditch banks
• weeds, insects, disease etc.
• keep written records
• When to scout
• seedling-tillering
• tillering-jointing
• jointing-heading
• heading-maturity

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What to look for when scouting

• Seedling stage
• weeds
• soil moisture
• plant population
• leaf diseases
• cutworms
• wireworms
• aphids

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What to look for when scouting

• Tillering stage
• weeds
• plant population
• viruses
• leaf diseases
• cutworms
• wireworms
• aphids
• hessian fly

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What to look for when scouting

• Jointing stage
• viruses
• leaf diseases
• aphids
• hessian fly
• sawfly adults

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What to look for when scouting

• Heading stage
• smut
• root rots
• viruses
• leaf diseases
• wheat stem maggots
• aphids

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What to look for when scouting

• Maturity
• plant height
• weeds (especially perennials)
• plant head
• population
• smut
• root rots
• sawfly

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Collecting a plant sample

• gently pull or dig plant (keep soil intact)
• press soil and roots into a firm ball, place in
  plastic bag and seal. keep leaves outside bag
• keep cool until taking to the county agent or
  mailing to MSU

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Estimating Grain Yield

• select appropriate length of row to measure 1
  sq. ft. of land (Table I-3)
• select at random 10 sites and measure the
  predetermined length of row (from step 1)
• in each of the rows, count the number of heads
• determine the number of kernels per head by
  obtaining 25 heads from the field at random and
  counting the kernels in each head

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Estimating Grain Yield

• calculate the number of seeds per sq. ft.
  (hds/sq ft) x (seeds/hd) (seeds/ft)
• calculate yield, divided seeds per sq. ft. by
  the following
• wheat 20
• 2-row barley 12
• 6-row barley 14
• yield (seeds/sq. ft) / conversion factor

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Estimating Grain Yield

• Example
• 6 row spacing
• Row length 24
• Avg. Number of heads in row 37
• Avg. number of seeds/hd 26.1
• seeds/sq. ft. 37 x 26.1 966
• 966 / 20 48.3

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Crop Management Information

• Field Season Summary Sheet
• Precipitation information (at least every 15
  days) oil will prevent evaporation
• Stored soil water at planting time
• Potential yield
• Harvested yield, test weight, protein
• Cropping history (Sp. Wht / SF/ Barley)

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Crop Management Information

• Field situation (variety planting info)
• Soil test summary
• Fertilizer treatments dates
• Herbicide treatments dates

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Yield Evaluation

• compare harvested yield to predicted
• if potential is not achieved, determine yield
  limiting factors
• herbicide damage can cause yield loss up to 7
  bu/ac

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