20th Century U.S./Asian Relations

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20th Century U.S./Asian Relations

• Toughest test of the yearSTUDY!!!

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1) What were the main reasons that Japan was
occupied after World War II?

• We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the
  war their nation was in shambles we forced them
  to restructure their government and re-write
  their constitution (see more details in essay
  question)

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2) What was Mao Zedong's program to renew the
spirit of the Chineserevolution called?

• The Cultural Revolution

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3) Why is there a North Korea and a South Korea?

• The USSR occupied the North and the U.S. the
  South. Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at
  the end of the war split into 2 separate
  countries

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4) How was Korea controlled after World War II?

• North Korea became communist South Korea became
  a democracy a 1 mile buffer zone (the
  DMZdemilitarized zone) separates the two
  countries still

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5) How was Japan like other imperialist nations?

• They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land
  resources (colonies like Korea)

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6) What was a common force in all of Indochina's
independence movements?

• Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern
  influencethink about their neighbors) Forces
  stepped in to defend the country fight the
  spread of communism

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7) In Japan, the least amount of people work in
which sector?

• Agriculture

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8) What were the main reasons that Japan went to
war against the U.S.?

• We placed an embargo on their trade (blocked the
  resources they were taking from China) they
  viewed the U.S. as a threat to their goal of
  expanding their empire.

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9) Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

• They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and
  naval forces a quick victory might force the
  U.S. to negotiate a peace treaty.

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10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in
combat during WWII. Thisshows that they were
following what beliefs?

• Bushido samurai code of ethics some elements
  of Confucianismseeking HONOR

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11) Who were the Kamikaze?

• Fighters who gave their lives for their
  countryassociated with Japan (suicide pilots,
  bombers, etc.)

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12) What were the reasons for dropping the
atomic bombs on Hiroshima andNagasaki?

• They were production cities that provided war
  supplies Truman wanted to end the war FAST
  (limit USSR terrtiorial gains) the Japanese
  would not surrender no invasion?

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13) Which political party won the civil war in
China and established thePeople's Republic of
China on October 1, 1949?

• The Chinese Communist Party

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14) What country did China model their economic
programs after?

• USSR

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15) What is the relationship between Tibet and
China, today?

• Tense, but China still controls Tibet although
  Tibet wants its freedom

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16) A unified China fought with the Allied
Forces during WWII. In 1949,The People's
Republic of China was established as a communist
country. What occurred as a result of this?

• Domino Theory/Containment Policy fear of the
  spread of communism Nationalists occupy Taiwan

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During the Korean War, we were there on behalf of
the___________.
United Nations (to help the South fight the
communists (mainly in the North)
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18) What was President Truman's MAIN reason for
firing General MacArthur?

• He ignored orders got too close to
  ChinaTruman did NOT want a war with China

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19) During the Korean War, the communists in the
________ were tryingto take over rule of the
____________.
North, South
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20) Korea was divided at the __________
parallel.
38th
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21) What countries supplied the Communist North
Korea with supplies and resources to fight us?

• China the Soviet Union (USSR)

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22) While we were fighting in Korea, a _________
with the Soviet Union made Americans apprehensive
at home.
Cold War
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23) Which leader proclaimed the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam?

• Ho Chi Minh

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24) How did France try to maintain their
influence in Indo-China?

• They supported the anti-Communist monarchy
  tried to regain power use of military force

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25) How was Vietnam split after the Geneva
Accords?

• At the 17th parallel North South Vietnam
  separated (communist north)

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26) Which country finally defeated the French at
the battle of Dien Bien Phu?

• North Vietnam Viet Minh (communist/nationalist
  fighters

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27) Describe Diem's rule in Vietnam?

• Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no
  political freedoms

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28) Which President increased the greatest
number of combat troops to Vietnam?

• Lyndon B. Johnson

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29) _________ was an attack that instigated U.S.
involvement in the Vietnam War?
Gulf of Tonkin
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30) Who were the Viet Cong?

• The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla
  fighters/rebels)

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31) What was the turning point of the Vietnam
War in which the Americanforces/public began to
question whether or not they could win?

• Tet Offensive

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32) How did Mohandas Gandhi contribute to the
independence movement of India?

• He led a revolution of non-violent
  non-cooperation to defy the British

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33) The separation of India and Pakistan in 1947
was called __________.
partition
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34) Gandhi used ________ methods to gain freedom
for India.
non-violent
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35) What was the Indian National Congress?

• The group that fought for equal rights
  eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi,
  Jinnah, Nehru, etc.)

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36) Why were India and Pakistan separated?

• The Muslims in the North wanted their own
  nation they split over religious differences

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37) Why did East Pakistan become the country of
Bangladesh?

• It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2
  different areas (geography!)

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Short Answer 38. Why was Communism so
appealing to the people of Asia after WWII?

• Many countries were poor and war-torn following
  WWII and wanted change many of their leaders
  had proved themselves weak during the war

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39. Did the containment policy work? Why or why
not (explain using specific examples)?

• Support your opinion with specific examples!

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40. What factors led to the rise of Communism in
China after WW2?

• -weak Nationalist leadership during the war
• -government corruption
• -unhappy peasants
• -Anarchy throughout most of China
  (warlords)
• -Mao and other communist revolutionaries emerged
  as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII
  people were more willing to listen to their
  political ideas
• -The Long March had already helped the
  communists gain support

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41. Compare and contrast the Vietnam and Korean
Wars. (3 differences/ 2 similarities)

• Similarities
• We were there fighting communism
• Part of Cold War
• Communist North trying to take whole country
  under communist rule
• Vietnam
• We never invaded the Northwe never crossed the
  17th parallel
• Changed culture and politics of US forever
• We were not successful in stopping the communist
  takeover
• First televised war
• Lack of public support
• Korea
• There for the United Nations
• More public support
• Stopped South Korea from being taken over

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42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after
WWII? Why did they want to rebuild the nation?

• HOW
• We wrote their constitution
• We demilitarized them following the war
• We turned them into a parliamentary
  democracy/constitutional monarchy
• We changed the way that their military could
  function in the future (defense instead of
  offense)
• WHY
• To make them our ally
• So that we would never have to fight them again
  (remove threat)
• Create trade partner