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20th Century U.S./Asian Relations

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Title: 20th Century U.S./Asian Relations


1
20th Century U.S./Asian Relations
  • Toughest test of the yearSTUDY!!!

2
1) What were the main reasons that Japan was
occupied after World War II?
  • We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the
    war their nation was in shambles we forced them
    to restructure their government and re-write
    their constitution (see more details in essay
    question)

3
2) What was Mao Zedong's program to renew the
spirit of the Chineserevolution called?
  • The Cultural Revolution

4
3) Why is there a North Korea and a South Korea?
  • Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at the
    end of the war split into 2 separate countries

5
4) How was Korea controlled after World War II?
  • North Korea became communist South Korea became
    a democracy a 1 mile buffer zone (the
    DMZdemilitarized zone) separates the two
    countries still

6
5) How was Japan like other imperialist nations?
  • They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land
    resources

7
6) What was a common force in all of Indochina's
independence movements?
  • Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern
    influencethink about their neighbors) Forces
    stepped in to defend the country fight the
    spread of communism

8
7) In Japan, the least amount of people work in
which sector?
  • Agriculture

9
8) What were the main reasons that Japan went to
war against the U.S.?
  • We placed an embargo on their trade (blocked the
    resources they were taking from China)

10
9) Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
  • They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and
    naval forces

11
10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in
combat during WWII. Thisshows that they were
following what beliefs?
  • Bushido samurai code of ethics some elements
    of Confucianismseeking HONOR

12
11) Who were the Kamikaze?
  • Fighters who gave their lives for their
    countryassociated with Japan (suicide pilots,
    bombers, etc.)

13
12) What were the reasons for dropping the
atomic bombs on Hiroshima andNagasaki?
  • They were production cities tat provided war
    supplies Truman wanted to end the war FAST the
    Japanese would not surrender

14
13) Which political party won the civil war in
China and established thePeople's Republic of
China on October 1, 1949?
  • The Chinese Communist Party

15
14) What country did China model their economic
programs after?
  • USSR

16
15) What is the relationship between Tibet and
China, today?
  • Tense, but China still controls Tibet although
    Tibet wants its freedom

17
16) A unified China fought with the Allied
Forces during WWII. In 1949,The People's
Republic of China was established as a communist
country. What occurred as a result of this?
  • Domino Theory/Containment Policy fear of the
    spread of communism

18
During the Korean War, we were there on behalf of
the___________.
United Nations (to help the South fight the
communists (mainly in the North)
19
18) What was President Truman's MAIN reason for
firing General MacArthur?
  • He ignored orders got too close to
    ChinaTruman did NOT want a war with China

20
19) During the Korean War, the communists in the
________ were tryingto take over rule of the
____________.
North, South
21
20) Korea was divided at the __________
parallel.
38th
22
21) What countries supplied the Communist North
Korea with supplies and resources to fight us?
  • China the Soviet Union (USSR)

23
22) While we were fighting in Korea, a _________
with the Soviet Union made Americans apprehensive
at home.
Cold War
24
23) Which leader proclaimed the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam?
  • Ho Chi Minh

25
24) How did France try to maintain their
influence in Indo-China?
  • They supported the anti-Communist monarchy
    tried to regain power

26
25) How was Vietnam split after the Geneva
Accords?
  • At the 17th parallel North South Vietnam
    separated (communist north)

27
26) Which country finally defeated the French at
the battle of Dien Bien Phu?
  • North Vietnam

28
27) Describe Diem's rule in Vietnam?
  • Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no
    political freedoms

29
28) Which President increased the greatest
number of combat troops to Vietnam?
  • Lyndon B. Johnson

30
29) _________ was an attack that instigated U.S.
involvement in the Vietnam War?
Gulf of Tonkin
31
30) Who were the Viet Cong?
  • The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla
    fighters/rebels)

32
31) What was the turning point of the Vietnam
War in which the Americanforces/public began to
question whether or not they could win?
  • Tet Offensive

33
32) How did Mohandas Gandhi contribute to the
independence movement of India?
  • He led a revolution of non-violent
    non-cooperation to defy the British

34
33) The separation of India and Pakistan in 1947
was called __________.
partition
35
34) Gandhi used ________ methods to gain freedom
for India.
non-violent
36
35) What was the Indian National Congress?
  • The group that fought for equal rights
    eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi,
    Jinnah, Nehru, etc.)

37
36) Why were India and Pakistan separated?
  • The Muslims in the North wanted their own
    nation they split over religious differences

38
37) Why did East Pakistan become the country of
Bangladesh?
  • It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2
    different areas (geography!)

39
Short Answer 38. Why was Communism so
appealing to the people of Asia after WWII?
  • Many countries were poor and war-torn following
    WWII and wanted change many of their leaders
    had proved themselves weak during the war

40
39. Did the containment policy work? Why or why
not (explain using specific examples)?
  • Support your opinion with specific examples!

41
40. What factors led to the rise of Communism in
China after WW2?
  • -weak Nationalist leadership during the war
  • -government corruption
  • -unhappy peasants
  • -Mao and other communist revolutionaries emerged
    as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII
    people were more willing to listen to their
    political ideas
  • -The Long March had already helped the
    communists gain support

42
41. Compare and contrast the Vietnam and Korean
Wars. (3 differences/ 2 similarities)
  • Similarities
  • We were there fighting communism
  • Part of Cold War
  • Communist North trying to take whole country
    under communist rule
  • Vietnam
  • We never invaded the Northwe never crossed the
    17th parallel
  • Changed culture and politics of US forever
  • We were not successful in stopping the communist
    takeover
  • First televised war
  • Lack of public support
  • Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point
    between the North South
  • Korea
  • There for the United Nations
  • More public support
  • Stopped South Korea from being taken over

43
42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after
WWII? Why did they want to rebuild the nation?
  • HOW
  • We wrote their constitution
  • We demilitarized them following the war
  • We turned them into a parliamentary
    democracy/constitutional monarchy
  • We changed the way that their military could
    function in the future (defense instead of
    offense)
  • WHY
  • To make them our ally
  • So that we would never have to fight them again
    (remove threat)
  • Create trade partner
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