Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• AP Biology

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Carbohydrates

• How do you recognize a carb?
• Function?

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Structure/Function Relationships

• Why are carbs good for Energy?
• Why short term?
• Specific structure/function relationships

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Glycogen
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Lipids

• Structure?
• Functions?
• Examples?

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Structure/Function Relationships

• Fats saturated and unsaturated
• Cholesterol
• Steroid Hormones
• Wax
• Mucus

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Proteins

• Structure?
• Globular vs. Fibrous Proteins?
• Functions of Structural Proteins?
• Functions of Globular Proteins?
• Structure/Function Relationships?

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Fibrous vs. Globular Proteins
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Protein Folding

• Primary Structure straight chain of aa not
  functional
• Secondary Structure starts to fold
  alpha-helix and beta pleated sheats uncharged
  parts probably start of collapse together and the
  O of the acid groups form H bonds
• with the H from the amino
• group

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Protein Folding continued

• Tertiary Structure caused by interactions of R
  groups that have now been brought closer together
  by secondary folding Functional!
• Held together by
• Hydrogen bonds
• Disulfide bonds between cystein aa
• Hydrophobic interactions
• Ionic bonds
• Quarternary Structure when more than one
  polypetide binds together to make the final shape
  of the protein (ex. Hemoglobin) Functional!

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DNA

• Structure?
• base pairing (purine/pyrimidine, A-T, G-C,
  covalent bonding of backbone, H bonding between
  bases
• Function?
• Structure/function relationships?

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Structure/Function

• Why covalent bonds in backbone?
• In order to code for proteins order of the
  bases is most imp. The order is maintained by
  the backbone which cannot fall apart or DNA is
  useless
• Why H bonds between base pairs?
• Enough to hold the 2 strands together but easy
  enough to sep. for replication and transcription
• Why purine-pyrimidine pairs
• Purines double ringed, pyr single ringed by
  pairing, all along the DNA is the same width so
  the covalent bonds of the backbone arent
  strained
• Why do we need base pairing?
• Ensures exact copying