Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Topic Intro to Organic Chemistry hydrocarbons
and isomers
Do Now read p.2 amazing carbon
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Organic chemistry carbon compounds (except
oxides, carbides C element that is less
electronegative), carbonates)
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Bonding Capacity

• H can form only 1 bond
• The halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) form only 1 bond
• O and S like to form 2 bonds
• N and P form 3 bonds
• C form 4 bonds

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Why so many C compounds?

• Carbon atoms can bond with other carbon atoms in
  chains, rings, and networks
• Bonds are covalent

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Lewis Diagram of C

• C
• Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons so
• it can form 4 covalent bonds

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Properties of Covalent Substances(also called
molecular substances)

• Low melting points, low boiling points
• Poor conductors of heat electricity
• May be soft or brittle
• Generally nonpolar
• van der Waals forces
• Tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents
• React more slowly than ionic compounds

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Increasing in Size Increasing IMF increasing
BP/MP
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Chemical Formulas

• show kind of atoms
• CH2Cl2

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Structural Formulas

• show kind of atoms
• show bonds
• 2-D picture

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Structural Formulas

• single line () represents one pair of electrons
  (a single bond)
• double line ()represents two pairs of electrons
  (a double bond)
• triple line (?)represents three pairs of
  electrons (a triple bond)

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Condensed Structural Formula

• shows kind of atoms
• shows some structural information, but not all
  details
• structural formula
• H H H
• HCCCH
• H H H
• Condensed structural formula CH3CH2CH3

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We will be looking at 3 Homologous Series of
Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

• Hydrocarbons organic compounds containing only
  C and H
• Homologous series group of compounds with
  related structures properties
• molecules have fixed, numerical relationship
  among of atoms

See table Q
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Isomers

• Compounds with same molecular formula
• but
• different structural arrangement
• The more C atoms there are the more isomers can
  have (more possible ways to arrange atoms)

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Isomers

• Different structures, different physical and
  chemical properties

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NOT ISOMER IF

• They have the same name
• If can rotate/flip one to look like the other

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? same
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? same
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?same
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?same