Organic Chemistry

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E? What are the functions of the 4 Major
Molecules found in Living Things?ChEistry in
Biology
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Organic Chemistry

• The element carbon is a component of almost all
  biological molecules.

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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules

• Macromolecules - large molecules formed by
  joining smaller organic molecules together.

• Have specific functions in living organisms

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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Carbohydrates

• Small Carbohydrates provide quick energy (ex
  monosaccharides/disaccharides)
• Sugars-fruit and table (apples, grapes, etc
• Snickers, Skittles, candy)
• 
  

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Large Carbohydrates provide stored energy and
structure (polysaccharides)I.E. Starches (bread
potatoes, pasta)-Used before the big
sporting event (football, soccer,
volleyball, 3k/6k road race, etc.
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Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen
atoms for each carbon atom(CH2O)n
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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life

• Monosaccharides- 1 simple sugar
• function quick energy release (glucose,
  fructose)

• Disaccharide - 2 monosaccharides joined together.
  
• function quick energy release (sucrose)

• Polysaccharide - longer carbohydrate molecules
  made up of many monosaccharides.
• function store energy (starch)
• provide structure (cellulose)

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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Lipids

• Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen

• A lipid is a fat if it is solid (ex butter,
  crisco-shortening) at room temperature. Saturated
  fat and difficult to break down-more stable.
• And an oil (olive oil, corn oil, vegetable
  oil) if it is liquid at room temperature.
  Unsaturated fat is less stable, easier to break
  down therefore healthier.
• Waxes-a barrier, keeps moisture out, gnats,
• Etc.

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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6
Proteins

• A compound made of amino acids

• Amino acids are made of C, H, O, N, and sometimes
  S.
• Proteins make up muscle, skin, hair, tissues,
  enzymes, pigments, etc.
• Functions Provide support, transport substances,
  speed up
• chemical reactions and control cell growth.
• Ex Found in MEAT, EGGS, MILK, CHEESE, NUTS
• 
  

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Chemistry in Biology
Chapter 6

• Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that
  store and transmit genetic information.
• EX DNA RNA

• Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating
  subunits called nucleotides, composed of carbon,
  nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.