The%20Cold%20War%20-%20China - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The%20Cold%20War%20-%20China

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The Cold War - China Conflict Between the U.S. and China Begins During the Sino-Japanese War, we gave some military aid to both the CCP and the Nationalists, but most ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The%20Cold%20War%20-%20China


1
The Cold War - China
2
Conflict Between the U.S. and China Begins
  • During the Sino-Japanese War, we gave some
    military aid to both the CCP and the
    Nationalists, but most went to the Nationalists
  • When the Civil War resumed, the U.S. gave
    assistance to the Nationalists

3
Conflict Between the U.S. and China Begins
  • When Mao took power in 1949, the U.S. refused to
    recognize the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)
  • Instead, they backed the Nationalists who fled to
    Taiwan
  • The U.S. made sure that Taiwan was given Chinas
    seat at the UN

4
Tibet (1950)
  • The U.S. condemned the PRC for what it perceived
    as expansionism, as well as the horrific
    bloodshed
  • Mao had believed it was a domestic matter

5
Korean War (1950-53)
  • In the Korean War, China would intervene in Korea
    by sending 300,000 volunteers and the drove the
    U.S. back beyond the 38th parallel
  • The war would end at a stalemate around the same
    physical boundaries where it began

6
Effects of the Korean War on China
  • The war strengthened alliances in the West, but
    alienated the Chinese and Soviets
  • China held their own against UN/US forces, so
    they gained prestige
  • As a result of the Korean War, Truman recognized
    only Taiwan as the real China and protected it
    with the 7th Fleet
  • China obtained loans and technical assistance
    from the Soviets (engaged in the first 5-Year
    Plan)
  • China became disillusioned with the Soviets
    because they sold them military equipment at high
    prices

7
Vietnam (1954)
  • China gave support and aid to Ho Chi Minh in the
    war against France
  • They felt betrayed when the U.S. did not keep to
    the agreement by failing to hold promised
    elections in 1954
  • In the same year, the U.S. created the South-East
    Asia Organization (SEATO) to contain China and
    signed a defense treaty with Taiwan

8
SEATO Countries
9
Quemoy and Matsu(1954 58)
  • In response to Chiangs attacks on the mainland,
    the Communists bombarded two nationalist-held
    islands (Quemoy and Matsu)
  • In response
  • Chiangs airforce bombed the mainland
  • Eisenhower threatened the Chinese with nuclear
    weapons

10
Quemoy Matsu
  • In May 1957, the U.S. supplied the Nationalists
    on Taiwan with missiles capable of reaching the
    mainland and carrying nuclear warheads
  • In 1958, Mao again bombarded the two islands, and
    China was again threatened with nuclear weapons
  • The USSR didnt give the Chinese nuclear weapons
    technology as they had agreed
  • The U.S. continued to fortify Taiwan as a
    military base, and used it to conduct illegal
    flights over Chinese territory by U-2 spy planes

11
Results of Quemoy and Matsu
  • A trade embargo with the PRC
  • Obstruction of PRC entry into the UN
  • Huge economic and military aid to Taiwan
  • A regional containment bloc - SEATO

12
Cultural Revolution (1966-68)
  • To the U.S., it was a clear demonstration of the
    out of control fanaticism of the Maoist
    leadership
  • The Chinese increased the ferocity of their
    attacks on the U.S. and its allies, calling them
    capitalist running dogs

13
U.S. Reasons for Sino-American Rapprochement or
Détente
  • Sought help in getting out of Vietnam
  • Realized their policy of containment in China had
    failed
  • Wished to be on good terms with a nuclear power
  • Wished to cause anxiety to the Soviets
  • Wanted to play off the fears of both the USSR and
    China
  • It was a popular move in the U.S.
  • They realized Communist movements around the
    world werent monolithic (created by the USSR or
    China)

14
Chinese Reasons for Sino-American Rapprochement
or Détente
  • An American counterweight to Soviet hostility
  • Concessions on the status of Taiwan
  • Trade with the U.S. and its allies
  • The transfer of modern technology
  • UN membership
  • U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam
  • Worry about a strong Japan

15
Sino-American Rapprochement
  • In March 1969, the U.S. lifted restrictions on
    its citizens to visit China
  • In April, the trade embargo was eased
  • In April 1971, a U.S. table tennis team was
    invited to play in China

16
Sino-American Rapprochement
  • In October, the U.S. ended its veto on the entry
    of Communist China into the UN
  • In February 1972, Nixon visited China
  • In December/January 1978/79, President Carter
    withdrew recognition of Nationalist China and
    entered into full diplomatic relations with the
    Peoples Republic of China

17
Results of Sino-American Rapprochement for the
U.S.
  • Good relations with China caused them to urge
    their ally, North Vietnam, to the negotiating
    table
  • The weakening of the Soviet position in the
    world, making it more amenable to compromise
  • The U.S. had less influence in Asia, which was a
    popular move

18
Results of Sino-American Rapprochement for China
  • UN membership, which increased its prestige and
    influence, while decreasing its diplomatic
    isolation
  • Acceptance of a One China policy by the U.S.
    and withdrawal of U.S. military installations
    from Taiwan
  • Improved relations with the U.S. resulted in
    improved relations with Japan, who became their
    2nd largest trading partner
  • Security from the danger of a U.S.-Soviet or
    Soviet attack
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