World%20War%20I

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World War I

• W.24 Trace the principal theaters of battle,
  major battles, and major turning points of World
  War I.
• W.25 Analyze the importance of geographic factors
  in military decisions and outcomes.
• W.28 Explain the nature of the war and its human
  costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the
  conflict, including unprecedented loss of life
  from prolonged trench warfare.

F. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ
from that on the Western Front (1914-15)? G. What
made World War I more devastating than any
previous wars?
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F. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ
from that on the Western Front (1914-15)?

• The Western Front
• The Schlieffen Plan Germans would move through
  Belgium and attempt to encircle Paris to quickly
  end the war on that front.
• Outcome French rushed fresh soldiers to front
  line in over 2,000 taxi cabs. Led to the Battle
  of Marne (September 6-10, 1914) a few miles
  outside of Paris. The French stopped the German
  advance.
• Over the next year, a series of trenches would be
  built by both sides from the English Channel to
  Switzerland.
• This led to a stalemate over the next 4 years.

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F. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ
from that on the Western Front (1914-15)?

• The Eastern Front
• Instead of bogging down in one location, the
  Eastern Front was fought in many different
  locations.
• After the Russians moved into Germany, they were
  heavily defeated in two battles.
• Battle of Tanneburg (August 30, 1914)
• Battle of Masurian Lakes (September 15, 1914)
• After these two battles, the Russians were of
  little threat to Germany.

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F. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ
from that on the Western Front (1914-15)?

• The Eastern Front continued
• Austria fared less well at first.
• They were defeated by the Russians at the Battle
  of Galicia.
• As a result of that battle, Austria was forced
  out of Serbia.
• The Italians (yes, Italians) attacked Austria in
  May, 1915, and joined the Allies. Italy initially
  fear French control of the Mediterranean, but as
  the war progressed, feared a victorious Austria
  more.

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F. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ
from that on the Western Front (1914-15)?

• The Eastern Front continued
• Germany would come to the aid of Austria, and
  force the Russians back into their own territory.
  
• The Russians had suffered 2.5 million casualties
  at this point, almost completely knocking them
  out of the war.
• Bulgaria would join the Axis powers in 1915. The
  three countries would defeat and knock Serbia out
  of the war.
• With Russia weakened, more troops could be sent
  to focus on the Western Front.

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G. What made World War I more devastating than
previous wars?

• Trench Warfare
• Trenches were protected by barbed-wire and
  machine gun artillery located behind the trench.
• Opposing trenches were located anywhere from 30
  yards to 300 yards apart.
• Trenches gave the defending side the advantage.
  At the time, the offensive side didnt have the
  fire power to advance past trenches.
• The area in between was known as no-mans land.

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G. What made World War I more devastating than
previous wars?

• Trench Warfare continued
• Any attempt to enter no-mans land would usually
  result in numerous deaths.
• Millions of soldiers died in this manner.
• In a ten month span in Verdun, France, over
  700,000 men died between the trenches.
• This led to what is called a war of attrition, or
  (in this case) a war in which the offense
  continues to bombard a few spots in the defense
  until it finally weakens, or they run low in
  soldiers.

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Daily Assignment

1. Describe the Race for the Sea
2. Describe life in trenches? What were some of the
   dangers?
3. Did trenches favor the offensive side or
   defensive? Why?
4. Explain how trench warfare led to what is known
   as a war of attrition?

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G. What made World War I more devastating than
previous wars?

• Aircraft
• By the end of 1915, airplanes were being used to
  scout the enemy's position.
• They eventually progressed to attacking the
  oppositions communication systems.
• When air to air combat began, pilots would use
  pistols to fire upon one another. Eventually,
  machine guns would be mounted to the nose of the
  planes.

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G. What made World War I more devastating than
previous wars?

• Aircraft continued
• The Germans began using zeppelins, or giant
  hot-air balloon like airships.
• Zeppelins were used to bomb London, but caused
  little damage.
• Zeppelins were phased out by the Germans after
  enemies found out they were filled with hydrogen
  gas, began shooting them, and watching them erupt
  in flames.
• Side note tear gas started being used in 1916.

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Zeppelins
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Zeppelins
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World War I

• W.24 Trace the principal theaters of battle,
  major battles, and major turning points of World
  War I.
• W.25 Analyze the importance of geographic factors
  in military decisions and outcomes.
• W.28 Explain the nature of the war and its human
  costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the
  conflict, including unprecedented loss of life
  from prolonged trench warfare.

I. Why did the war widen to become a world
conflict? -Who became involved and when? J.
Describe the impact of Total War
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I. Why did the war widen to become a world
conflict?

• The stalemate on the Western Front created a need
  for more soldiers.
• In addition to more soldiers, additional
  countries also brought funds, production, and
  more war goods.

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J. Who became involved and when?

• Central Powers were joined by
• Ottoman Empire (October 1914) joined due to
  recruitment by Germans and the success of the
  Central Powers. There were also disputes over
  waterways with Russia. The name Triple Alliance
  started being used again.
• Bulgaria (1915) major trade partners with
  Austria and Germany

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J. Who became involved and when?

• 1917 Lawrence of Arabia (T.E. Lawrence) was
  living in the Middle East at the time, convinced
  Arab kings to revolt against the control of the
  Ottoman Empire, thus weakening the region.
• By 1918, British troops from Egypt, India,
  Australia, and New Zealand had been mobilized to
  destroy the Ottoman Empire.

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J. Who became involved and when?

• Due to Germanys preoccupation in Europe and weak
  navy, Japan (British ally since 1902) and
  Australia began seizing German colonies in the
  Pacific, including New Guinea.
• The United States attempted to remain neutral.
  However, it was Germanys use of unrestricted
  submarine warfare that led them into the war.

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J. Who became involved and when?

• Upon the British and Germans both blockading one
  another, the Germans began sinking nearly every
  British ship they crossed, whether military or
  passenger.
• In May 1915, the Germans sunk the British
  passenger ship Lusitania. Approximately 1,100
  civilians, including 100 Americans died.
• In order to avoid antagonizing the U.S. more, the
  Germans suspended their unrestricted warfare.

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J. Who became involved and when?

• By January 1917, the Germans felt as though they
  could starve the British into submission by
  re-establishing the blockade and their use of
  unrestricted submarine warfare.
• The final straw for the United States was the
  Zimmerman note.
• The United States joined the war in April 1917.
  Although not sending a large amount of troops
  until 1918, the entry was considered a financial
  and psychological boost.

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K. Describe the impact of Total War

• Total War A war that affects nearly all citizens
  of the warring nations.
• How did it affect them?
• 1. Increased government power and control
• Tens of millions were drafted
• Planned Economies
• Governments set prices, wages, and production
• This included rationing food and fuel
• Controlled imports and exports

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K. Describe the impact of Total War

• 2. Manipulation of Public Opinion
• Government limited freedom of speech and right to
  protest as citizen morale decreased.
• In authoritarian countries (Germany, Russia,
  Austria), force was used to quiet the citizens.
• In other countries (Great Britain), laws were
  passed to allow those who protested to be
  arrested as traitors.
• 3. Outbreak of Influenza
• Soldiers returning from was likely brought
  different strains of the flu back with them. Over
  50 million people worldwide died from the flu.