CHAPTER 2 The World Today

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CHAPTER 2The World Today
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STONE AGE PEOPLE
Learned to make stone tools and
weapons Nomads migrated across a wide
area adapted to different climates and
landforms Agricultural Revolution learned to
farm and domesticate animals led to permanent
communities supported larger populations developme
nt of new forms of government
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First Civilizations Nile River Valley Indus
Valley Huang He Valley Common Features Well-orga
nized governments Complex religions Specialized
skills and jobs Social classes Methods of record
keeping
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The World in 1300 Islamic rule from Spain to
China Aztecs in Mexico Incas in South
America Small European kingdoms
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Emergence of Europe Late 1400s Beginning of the
Renaissance
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Rediscovered the learning of ancient
civilizations Scientific discoveries and
practical inventions Adapted technologies -
Diffusion From barter economy to money
economy Spain, Portugal, England, France built
colonial empires
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Mid-1700s Second Agricultural Revolution and
Industrial Revolution
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Agricultural Revolution Main Causes New plants
from the Americas Improved farming methods New
farm machines Industrial Revolution Key
Features Machines replaced hand tools Steam and
electricity took the place of human and animal
power
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Imperialism Industrialization set off a new wave
of European expansion overseas Need for raw
materials Need for new markets for manufactured
goods
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Imperialism control by one country of the
political, economic, or cultural life of another
country or region Westernization adoption of
western culture Imperialist nations felt that
western culture was better than the cultures of
other regions European efforts to transform other
cultures met with limited success Nationalism prid
e in and loyalty to ones country Nationalism
spread in Africa, Asia, and Latin America Leaders
fought to end foreign control
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The Developing World
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Economic Patterns Imperialist encouraged people
in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to grow cash
crops Then sold manufactured goods to
less-developed countries less developed countries
became dependent on the imports local economies
based on crafts declined
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Goals of Modernization Political
Stability Economic Diversity Education and
Services Loans and Debt Developing countries
need money to modernize becomes necessary to
borrow from wealthy nations World financial
crisis means borrower nations can not pay
debt Lender nations have tried debt relief Lender
nations have become cautious in making loans
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Problems of Development Population
Explosion more than 3/4 of the world population
live in the developing world Why the
explosion? Improved health care Traditions and
religious beliefs about large families Urbanizati
on Push to industrialize leads to rapid growth
of cities Puts strain on cities Cannot keep up
with needs Housing, schools, basic health and
sanitation services Rapid population growth and
failure to modernize has widened the gap between
developing and developed nations
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Growing Interdependence International and
Regional Organizations United Nations
(UN) Organization of American States
(OAS) African Union (AU)
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Issues of Global Concern
Refugees Hundreds of thousands flee every
year Flee to escape poverty, war, harsh
governments
Drug Trade Poverty Can only be ended by nations
working together
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Terrorism Driven by extreme political or
religious causes Violence to achieve political
goals
Environment Threats to the environment Destructio
n of rainforest Pollution of water, air,
soil Chemical and nuclear plant accidents
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Global Economy Economic links have grown
stronger Events in one region can affect the world
Human Rights Helsinki Agreement Basic Human
Rights Freedom of speech, religion and the press
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Technology and the Future Development of hard
crops to feed the worlds population New
Medicines to combat disease Work to predict or
control natural disasters Rapid cultural change
because of the Internet, cell phones, fiber optics