Muscular System

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Muscular System

• Objectives
• Review anatomical terminology.
• Review types of joint movements.
• Compare and contrast types of muscle.

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What is the opposite of

1. Inferior
2. Anterior
3. Medial
4. Distal
5. Superficial

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More review and assignments

• Figure 17-2 (Lab Manual)
• Venn diagram of the three types of muscle. Add
  any other general information you know about
  muscle.
• Homework
• Add Chapter 8 roots, prefixes, and suffixes to
  medical terminology sheet (Vocabulary quiz on
  Wednesday!!!)
• Medical journal article on a disease or disorder
  of the muscular system due on test day

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Muscle Tissues

• Skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary)
• Long, threadlike cells
• Striations alternating light and dark
  cross-markings
• Each cell has many nuclei just beneath the cell
  membrane.

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Muscle Tissues (cont.)

• 2. Smooth muscle tissue (involuntary)
• No striations
• Cells are shorter than skeletal muscle,
  spindle-shaped, and have one, centrally located
  nucleus.
• Line walls of internal organs

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Muscle Tissues (cont.)

• 3. Cardiac muscle tissue heart
• Striated and joined end-to-end
• Each cell has only one nucleus. ???

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Types of Muscle Tissue (p.185)
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Skeletal Muscle Actions

• Movement depends on type of joint the muscle is
  associated with
• Origin Insertion
• Origin the end of the muscle that is fastened
  to a relatively immovable or fixed part
• Insertion the end connected to the movable part
  on the other side of the joint
• When muscles contract, its insertion is pulled
  toward its origin (EX biceps brachii)

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Interaction of Skeletal Muscles

• Prime mover the muscle responsible for MOST of
  the movement (aka, agonist)
• Synergist - ???
• Antagonist - ???

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Major Skeletal Muscles

• Names may indicate location, size, shape, action,
  number of attachments, or direction of muscle
  fibers
• Pectoralis major
• Deltoid
• Extensor digitorum
• Biceps brachii
• Sternocleidomastoid
• External oblique

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2
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Muscles of Facial Expression

• It takes more muscles to frown than it does to
  smile.
• More than 600 skeletal muscles in the body 60
  in the face!
• 40 used to frown
• 20 used to smile
• Smallest muscle is the stapedius, in the middle
  ear
• Largest - ???
• Longest - ???

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Muscles of Facial Expression (p.188) and
Mastication (p.190)
Epicranius has 2 parts
frontalis and occipitalis.
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Muscles That Move the Head
Add these muscles to your head drawing.
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Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle (p.191)

• Closely associated with those that move the arm
• Many move the scapula up, down, backward, and
  forward

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Muscles That Move the Arm

• Grouped according to primary actions
• Flexors
• Coracobrachialis
• Pectoralis major
• Extensors
• Teres major
• Latissimus dorsi
• Abductors
• Supraspinatus
• Deltoid
• Rotators
• Subscapularis
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor

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Muscles That Move the Arm (p.193)
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Muscles That Move the Forearm

• Flexors
• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradius
• Extensor
• ????
• Rotators
• Supinator
• Pronator teres
• Pronator quadratus (square shaped)

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Muscles That Move the Forearm (p.194)
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Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

• Flexors
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor caroi ulnaris
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Extensors
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor digitorum

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Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
(p.195)
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