Unit 3 Notes: The Urinary/Excretory System

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Unit 3 Notes The Urinary/Excretory System
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(1) Main Organs

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

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(2) Functions

• Filter blood
• Remove impurities, toxins, excess nutrients
• Reabsorb needed water nutrients

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(3) Ureter, Bladder Urethra Function

• UretersTubes which carry filtered liquid
  waste towards the bladder.
• BladderStorage tank for filtered liquid
  waste.
• UrethraTube which allows filtered liquid
  waste to exit body.

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(4) Nephrons

• The nephrons are the filtering units inside the
  kidneys.
• 2 Main Structures
• Glomerulus ? Bundle of capillaries w/ blood to be
  filtered.
• Renal Tubule ? Tubes following capillaries, which
  collect filtered contents
• Bowmans CapsulePortion of tubule where initial
  filtration and absorption occurs

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(5) Urine Formation Steps

• 1- Filtration
• Water Small Solutes are forced through
  capillary walls into Bowmans Capsule.
• 2- Reabsorption
• Water, Glucose, Amino Acids Ions that were
  filtered out are actively transported back into
  capillaries and blood.
• 3- Secretion
• H ions, K ions, urea, and drugs/toxins are forced
  through capillary walls into renal tubule.

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(6) Regulating Drops in Blood Pressure

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from Pituitary
• Increases water reabsorption from renal tubule.
• Aldosterone from Kidney
• Increases water retention in blood by reabsorbing
  more sodium from renal tubule.
• Angiotensin II from Blood
• Causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood
  pressure.

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(7) Dont Pee It Out

• Glucose ? Chill out on sweets OR Diabetic?!
• Protein ? Increased Physical Activity Pregnancy
  OR Hypertension Nephron Disease?!
• Pus ? Urinary Tract Infection
• Blood ? Kidney Stones, Infection, Trauma, Anemia
  ?!
• Bile ? Liver Disease?!

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(8) Kidney Dialysis

• Used in hospitals when kidneys fail (stop
  working)
• Blood is filtered through mechanical pump
  tubing which regulates contents
• Causes for Kidney Failure
• Repeated kidney infections
• Physical Trauma
• Heavy Metal / Chemical poisoning
• Low Blood delivery (arteriosclerosis)

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