Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter

• Chemistry
• Ms. Piela

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Physical Properties

• A property of a substance that can be measured or
  observed without changing its composition
• Examples
• Size/Shape
• Density
• Mass
• Melting point/Boiling point/
• Freezing point

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Physical Change

• Any change that occurs to a substance that does
  not change its chemical composition
• Examples
• Cutting
• Breaking
• Melting
• Boiling

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Intensive vs Extensive Properties

• Intensive does NOT depend on how much substance
  there is
• Density
• Color
• Extensive DOES depend on how much substance
  there is
• Weight
• Length

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Physical Change

• Example
• Which of the following are physical changes?
  (Circle all that apply)
• Making caramel from sugar
• Carving a wooden figure
• Freezing mercury
• dissolving salt in water

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Chemical Properties

• A property of a substance that can be measured or
  observed and changes its composition
• Examples
• Reactivity
• Water
• Oxygen
• pH

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Chemical Properties Changes

• For chemical changes to occur, a chemical
  reaction must take place
• Chemical reactions are the rearrangement of atoms
  and molecules that forms new substances
• Example
• CH4 2 O2 ? CO2 2 H2O

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Chemical Change

• Demo Example Burning Magnesium
• 2 Mg O2 ? 2 MgO
• Reactants are the initial substances before a
  reaction
• Products are substance formed in a reaction
• Chemical change is any change in chemical
  composition that forms a new substance
• Examples
• Rusting
• Decomposing compost

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Evidence of a Chemical Change

• Evolution of a gas
• Formation of a precipitate
• Precipitates are solids that form in a solution
• Release or absorption of energy
• i.e. heat released, light given off, sound
• Color change in a reaction system

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• Practice Problem 1
• Which of the following are chemical changes and
  which are physical changes?
• Cracking an egg
• Removing a stain with bleach
• Burning a candle
• Melting butter

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• Practice Problem 2
• For the following, identify them as chemical
  property, chemical change, physical property, or
  physical change
• Decomposition of mercury (II) oxide
• Iron reacts with oxygen, while gold does not
• Oxygen is colorless, odorless, and soluble
  (dissolves) in water
• Under extreme pressures, oxygen will liquefy

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Physical vs. Chemical Recap
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Classification of Matter

• What is matter?
• Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Examples
• Desks
• Air
• Lazy Students
• Insane Science Teachers

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States of Matter

• Solids
• have definite shape and definite volume
• Example
• Diamonds
• Particles are slow and will vibrate in place
• Liquids
• have indefinite shape and definite volume
• Example
• Water
• Particles move faster and slide past one another

15
States of Matter

• Gases
• Have indefinite shape and indefinite volume
• Example
• Air
• Particles move fast with large spaces in between

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States of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Substances Mixtures

• Pure substances are substances that contain only
  one kind of matter
• Example
• Water (H2O), Oxygen (O2), Iron (Fe)
• Mixtures are physical blends of one or more pure
  substances
• Example
• Salad, Soup

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Mixtures

• Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures with uniform
  composition
• Examples Milk, Gas, Air
• Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that do not
  have uniform composition
• Examples Salad, Soup

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Mixtures

• Example Problem
• Determine whether the following examples are
  heterogeneous mixtures or homogeneous mixtures
• Stainless steel
• Italian Dressing
• Maple syrup
• Chocolate chip cookie

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Elements Compounds

• Elements are the simplest form of matter
• Examples Carbon (C), Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg)
• Compounds are two or more elements chemically
  combined
• Examples
• Water (H2O), Sugar (C6H12O6)
• (not O2, N2)

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Practice Problem Answers

• Practice 1
• CH4 Compound
• S8 Element
• Concrete Heterogeneous
• Distilled water Compound
• Salt water Homogeneous
• CH2O Compound
• Practice 2
• Mixture. A physical blend of two substances
• Practice 3
• Blue solid is compound. Cant determine others