DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• STRUCTURES
• FUNCTIONS

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DIGESTION

• The process of changing complex foods into
  simpler soluble forms that can be used by the body

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DIGESTION

• ENZYMES
• AMYLASE-breaks down starches into glucose(
  saliva)
• LIPASE- breaks down fats into fatty acids
  glycerol

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Digestion

• ENZYMES
• TRYPSIN-breaks down protein into amino acids

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Structures

• Alimentary canal
• GI tract, or digestive tract
• Consists of oral cavity, pharnyx, esophagus,
  stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
• Continuous tube about 30 feet in length, from
  mouth to anus.

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Digestive tract
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ACTUAL HUMAN ABDOMINAL CAVITY
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Oral cavity- pharynx

• Teeth mastication
• Tongue taste, mastication, swallowing
• Salivary glands
• Mechanical breakdown of food into bolus
• Chemical breakdown amylase breaks down starches
  to glucose

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Esophagus

• 10 inches long
• Carries bolus to stomach
• Muscles in the upper third of the esophagus are
  voluntary swallowing
• Muscles in the lower portion is
  involuntaryperistalsis

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Stomach

• Sections
• Fundus upper portion
• Body mid section
• Pylorus lower portion
• Sphincters cardiac-located between the
  esophagus and stomach
• Pyloric located between the stomach and small
  intestine.

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Small intestine

• 3 sections
• Duodenum first 12 inches
• Jejunum mid section- about 8 ft.
• Ileum last section- 10-12 ft long
• ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS occurs in the small
  intestine

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Large intestine

• Sections
• Ascending colon right side
• Transverse colon- across the abdomen
• Descending colon- left side
• Sigmoid colon- very bottom section just superior
  to anus

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Accessory Organs

• Liver produces bile, stores sugar(glycogen),
  stores iron and certain vitamins, produces
  cholesterol, heparin, and blood protiens to aid
  in blood clotting, detoxifies harmful substances
  taken in by the blood
• Gall Bladder stores bile for release into
  duodenum for emulsification of fats
• Pancreas releases enzymes into duodenum for
  further breakdown of chyme.

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