Luther Leads The Reformation

1
Luther Leads The Reformation

• Chapter 17
• Section 3

2
Key Terms

• Protestant Reformation
• Indulgences
• Lutheran
• Theocracy
• Protestant

• Peace of Augsburg
• Henry VIII
• Annul
• Anglican

3
Catholicism in the 1400s

• Gained power and wealth
• Influence, worldliness, and extravagance
• Strayed from its spiritual roots
• Protestant Reformation- a protest movement
  against the Catholic church

4
Dissatisfaction with the Church

• Financial corruption
• Abuse of power
• Immorality
• Church taxed people for renaissance projects
• 1500s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint
  Peters Basiclica

5
Dissatisfaction with the Church

• Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce
  a persons time in purgatory
• Thousand years people believed you worked off
  your sins in purgatoryIndulgences one of the
  most criticized activities

6
Dissatisfaction with the Church

• Nationalism or devotion to a particular country
  was growing
• People thought of themselves as citizens,
  separate from the church

7
Early Reformers

• John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up
  its worldly possessions
• Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about
  immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church

8
Early Reformers

• Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII
• Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake
• First influential theologians to openly criticize
  the church

9
Martin Luther

• Selling indulgences was sinful
• Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of
  the church
• Luthers theses were for church leaders
• Written in Latin and nailed to a church door
• His actions began the Reformation(religious
  movement)

10
Martin Luther

• Not meant to be discussed at universities
• Printing press helped them to spread throughout
  Europe
• Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople
• Made sense to many people and they wanted reform

11
Luthers Message

• Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs
• Gods grace can not be won by good works
• Also need faith
• Jesus was the head of the Christian church not
  the pope

12
Luthers Message

• Christians should interpret the Bible
• Christian practices should come from the bible
• Translated the Bible into German
• More people could read it without the aid of the
  clergy

13
Reactions to Luther

• 1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him
• 1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy
  Roman Emperor
• Charles IV
• German Diet
• City of Worms
• Luther refused to change his opinions

14
Reaction to Luther

• Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and
  condemned his writings
• Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his
  ideas
• 1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of
  Christianity

15
Reaction to Luther

• 1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans
• Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio
  or protest
• Term protestant came into being

16
The Spread of Protestantism

• Luther stood against the Catholic Church
• Opened the door to other religions
• Lutheranism arose in Germany
• Religious movements began in Switzerland. and
  Europe

17
Ulrich Zwingli

• 22 year old priest
• Established a church in Switzerland based on
  theocracy
• Theocracy-government in which church and state
  are joined
• Martin Luther opposed this

18
Ulrich Zwingli

• Luther accused him of tampering with the word of
  God
• Swiss Protestants could not win Luthers support
• Catholics and Swiss Protestants fought
• Zwingli died in battle

19
John Calvin

• Next most important Protestant reformer
• 1509 born in France
• Supported Luthers reforms
• Predestination-God knows who will be saved even
  before they are born

20
John Calvin

• God guides their lives
• Nothing they can do good or bad to change that
• Calvinism took root in Switzerland
• Viewed people as sinful by nature

21
John Calvin

• Strict laws put in place to regulate behavior
• Geneva- church attendance was mandatory
• Number and courses of meals
• Color of clothing
• Feasting, dancing, singing , wearing jewelry were
  forbidden

22
John Calvin

• Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal
• Sense of mission and discipline
• Making world fit for the elect
• Elect were the chosen ones

23
Other Reformers

• John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland
• Replaced the Roman Catholic Church
• Presbyterian denomination

24
Other Reformers

• Anabaptists- rebaptizing adults
• Was a crime punishable by death at the time
• Latter evolved into several religious
  factions(Amish, Mennonites)

25
Protestantism Spread to England

• King Henry VIII- 1509 became king at 17
• Devout Catholic
• Wrote protests against Luthers ideas
• 1529 Henrys wife had a girl, wanted a male heir
• Thought girl would weaken England

26
Protestantism Spreads to England

• Henry wanted the marriage annulled
• Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid
  based on church laws
• Pope offered several solutions did not grant
  annulment

27
Protestantism Spreads to England

• Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree
  on it (Catherines cousin)
• Henry fell in love with Bobelyn

28
Reformation Parliament

• Summoned by Henry
• Declaration that England was no longer under
  authority of the pope
• Changed rituals of the Church
• Closed Catholic monasteries

29
Reformation Parliament

• Distributed much of the land to his nobles
• Helped build more support for the split
• 1533 Henry and Bobelyn married
• Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine
  annulled

30
Reformation Parliament

• Anne gave birth to a girl
• Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
• Take oath to declare Henry the Supreme head of
  the Church of England
• Split with Rome complete

31
Henrys Heirs

• Henry VIII had six wives
• Edward VI the male heir
• King at 9
• Died before 16
• Sister becomes queen
• Mary returned to authority of the pope

32
Henrys Heirs

• Hundreds of people burned at the stake
• Called Bloody Mary
• Little sorrow for Marys death
• Elizabeth I was protestant
• Draft Supremacy Act of 1559

33
Henrys Heirs

• Split England from Rome
• Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new
  queen
• Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic
• Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of
  England or the Anglican

34
Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges

• Elizabeth brought religious peace
• Protestant Priests could marry
• 1500s began thinking of building an American
  Empire
• Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen