MITOSIS REVIEW

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MITOSIS REVIEW

• Chapter 10 Test

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ESSAY 1

• How is cancer related to the cell cycle?
• Do not have a normally functioning cell cycle

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How are cancer cells different from most cells?

• Divide excessively and can invade other tissue

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ESSAY 2

• STEM CELLS
• Cells that can turn into almost any kind of cell
  (not yet differentiated).
• Formed a few days after an egg and sperm join.

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• From
• embryos

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• Adult stem cells

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• Cord Blood

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Stem Cell Animations

• "How Embryonic Stem Cell Lines are Made" Biology
  Animation Library Dolan DNA Learning Center
• Stem Cell Animation

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Essay 2 (cont.) SOURCES

• Umbilical cord blood
• Fetal tissue
• Adult bone marrow
• Embryonic stem cells

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Essay 2 (cont.) PROS

• treat disorders like spinal damage, Parkinsons
  disease, leukemia
• Make heart and nerve tissue in the lab

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Essay 2 CONS

• Use embryos (kill them) Click on Creating Stem
  Cells
• Dont have a lot of success yet
• Who funds it (private v. government)

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1. Sexual and Asexual

• ASEXUAL
• One parent
• Two Identical offspring

• SEXUAL
• Two parents
• 4 different offspring

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2. Chromatin, chromosomes, chromatids (all DNA
protein)

• Interphase loose chromatin
• Prophase tightly coiled sister chromatids form
  through metaphase
• Anaphase Telophase sister chromatids separate
  to single chromosomes

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3. Nucleosomes and Histones

• 8 histone proteins are wrapped with chromosomes
  to tightly coil into chromatids
• Histones chromosomes nucleosome
• DNA packaging, 3D animation with advanced
  narration and labels Dolan DNA Learning Center

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4. Asexual Reproduction

• Prokaryotes
• (no nucleus)
• Binary fission

• Eukaryotes
• (nucleus)
• mitosis

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5. Phases of Mitosis

• PMAT
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

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6. Nuclear Envelope Changes

• Prophase nuclear envelope dissolves
• Telophase nuclear envelope reforms

How could you tell them apart?
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7. Diff

• Cytokinesis
• Division of the cytoplasm

• Mitosis
• Division of nucleus

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8. Cytokinesis

• Animal Cells
• Cleavage furrow

• Plant Cells
• Cell Plate

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9. G1 S G2 Interphase

• G1 organelle growth (mitochondrion,
  chloroplasts), and growth of cell
• S DNA synthesis (replication)
• G2 centriole and spindle growth, and growth of
  cell

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10. Locate on a dividing cell

• Chromatids
• Centrioles
• Centromeres
• Spindle fibers
• Asters

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10. Locate on a dividing cell

• Chromatids
• Centromeres

• Centrioles

Spindle fibers
Asters
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centrioles
chromatids

• Asters
• Spindle fibers

centromeres
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11. What makes chromatids move to poles?

• Contraction of spindle fibers
• spindle contraction videos

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12. What are cyclins (and Cdks)?

• Protein regulators of the cell cycle

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13. Cells Dividing

• A lot
• Blood
• Skin
• Digestive tract

• Not after formed
• Nerve
• Muscle

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13. B Cancer Cells

• Cancer cells due to an abnormal cell cycle
• Cells grow abnormally and do not stop, even if
  there are too many

Breast cancer cells
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What phase?

• Chromatin thickens?
• Prophase
• Nuclear envelope disappears
• Prophase
• Nuclear envelope reappears
• telophase

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What phase?

• Centrioles move to opposite poles
• Prophase
• Spindle fibers form
• Prophase
• Cell plate forms
• Cytokinesis/Telophase

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Which phase?

• Chromosomes line up at the equator
• metaphase
• Cytoplasm divides
• Cytokinesis/Telophase
• Nucleoli break down
• Prophase
• Nucleoli reform
• Telophase

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15. As the cell increases in size

• The surface area to volume ratio
• decreases

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16. Why do cells divide?

• cell membrane could not keep up with bringing in
  enough oxygen/nutrients
• DNA cant keep up

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17. How many chromosomes

• Are in each human body cell?
• 46

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18. How many times is the reduction

• In length of the chromatid than it is in the
  chromosome form?
• 10,000 times

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19. A cell spends what of time in interphase?

• 90

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20. What is the purpose of p53?

• It is the tumor suppressor gene. p53 animation
  Rediscovering Biology - Animation Archive
• It checks that the DNA is OK. If not, it repairs
  it or kills the cell.
• IF it is faulty, it leads to a lot of cancer.

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21. How does a cell respond to growth

• When it comes in contact with other cells?
• Stops growing