1990????Cortes ? Vapnik ??? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1990????Cortes ? Vapnik ???

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Title: Author: Hiroto Saigo Last modified by: Created Date: 11/24/2002 7:16:49 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 1990????Cortes ? Vapnik ???


1
????(??????????)?????????????????????????????
(2)?????
??? ??
  • ???? ?????
  • ????????????????

2
??
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ????????????????

3
???????????(1)
  • ???????????????????????
  • 1990????Cortes ? Vapnik ???
  • ???????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????
  • c.f. Kernel Methods in Computational Biology, MIT
    Press, 2004

4
???????????(2)
  • ????????????????(???????)???????????
  • ?????????????????????????????

5
SVM????????????
  • ?????????????(SVM)
  • ???????????????????????(??)???

6
????
  • ??????????????????????
  • F(x) (??????)??????????????
  • ???? K(x,y)f(x)f(y)
  • x ? y ??????? ? K(x,y)??

7
???????
  • ?? K XX? R ????? iff.
  • X ?????? F ????f?????
  • ????

8
??????? (1)
  • X ????????K(x,y) ? X ???????????
  • K(x,y) ????? iff.
  • ?? K(K(xi,xj)) (i, j1,,n) ?????
  • ?? K ????? iff.
  • K ?????????? iff.
  • (?x) (xtKx ? 0)

9
??????? (2)??
  • K ???????KV?Vt ???????????????i ??????????????V
    ??????
  • vij(V)ij ??? ????
  • ????s ?????????
  • ?????

10
??????? (3)??????
  • K(x,y) ????? iff.
  • ????? f?L2(X) ????

11
???????(1)
  • K(x,y)f(x)f(y) ?????????????? f(x)-f(y) ?
  • ??

12
???????(2)
  • Ki ?????????K ?????

13
??????(1)
  • (xyc)d ?????
  • ??(d2, c0???)

14
??????(2)
  • K1, K2 ???????????????
  • (i)(ii)????????????????????
  • (i)(ii)(iii)????????????????????

15
??????(3)
  • (i) f(x) X ?R ? f(x) f(y) ?????
  • ??
  • (ii) exp(K(x,y)) ?????
  • ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????(2)??????????

16
??????(4)
  • exp(-x-y2/s2) ?????
  • (Gaussian RBF kernel)
  • ??
  • ?????????(3-i)????????
  • ??????(3-ii)????????
  • ???????(2-iii)???????

17
??????(5)
  • ?????????????????

18
??????????? ???(1)
  • ????? Rd ?????????????
  • yi1 ? ?? yi-1 ? ??
  • ????? (???????)
  • (w,b) Rd ????? h wxb0 ???
  • 1/w h ?????? xi ?????(margin)

19
??????????? ???(2)
20
??????????? ???(1)
  • ??????
  • ?????????????? (Sl)
  • w ? b ?????????
  • ?????????????????

21
??????????? ???(2)
  • ???? (???????)
  • ????

22
??????????? ???(3)
  • KKT????
  • ????????
  • xi ?????????
  • ? ai gt 0
  • ??? h

23
??????????? ?????
  • xixj ? K(xi, xj) ??? (? K(xi, xj) f(xi) f(xj)
    )
  • ???? (SV???????????)
  • ?? ????????????????????????????OK ? ????????

24
???????(2-???)
  • ????????
  • ???????
  • ?????? ?i ???

25
???????(2-???) ????????
26
???????(1-???)
  • 1-????????????????????

27
???????(1-???) ????????
28
?????
  • ?????????
  • SVM?????????
  • KPCA ?????????
  • KCCA ??????????

SVM?????????????(??)
  • ???????SVM???
  • ???????????????????????
  • ????????????SVM???????????????????

29
???????????
  • ???????????(feature vector)????????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????? ?????
  • ???????? x ????
  • F(x) (???, ??, ???, logP,)
  • ???????? x,y ?????????
  • F(x) ? F(y) ??????

30
??
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ????????????????

31
???????????
  • ???????????????????(3????)????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???????????????????45?????

32
??????? (Fold Recognition)
  • ???3???????????????(fold)???
  • ?????1000?????????????????(Chotia, 1992)????

33
SCOP??????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ???????????????

SCOP Root
Class.1
Class.2
?????
Fold.1
Fold.2
?????
Super Family.1
Super Family.2
?????
Family.1
Family.2
Family.3
mkkrltitlsesvlenlekmaremglsksamisvalenykkgq
ispqarafleevfrrkqslnskekeevakkcgitplqvrvwfinkrmrs
34
Super Family ??
  • ????? SCOP ????????????????????

Super Family.1
???????
madqlteeqiaefkeafslfdkdgdgtittkelgtvmrslgqnpteaelq
dminevdadgngtidfpefltmmark
Super Family.2
Super Family.3

35
????????????
36
????????????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????
  • Marginalized kernel, Fisher kernel, Local
    alignment kernel,

37
???????????????????
  • HMM???????????
  • Fisher ???? (Jaakkola et al., 2000)
  • Marginalized ???? (Tsuda et al., 2002)
  • ???????????????
  • Spectrum ???? (Leslie et al., 2002)
  • Mismatch ???? (Leslie et al., 2003)
  • ?????????????????????
  • SVM pairwise (Liao Noble, 2002)

38
????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • 2?????3???????????????
  • ???????????????(?????)
  • ???????????????????(????????)???

39
??????????(1) (Smith-Waterman??????)
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ????HEAWGEH ? GAWED ????
  • A W G E
  • A W -E
  • ????????????

40
??????????(2)
????? ??
41
LA????
  • SW???????????????????
  • ? MAX ??????????????
  • ?????HMM?????????????
  • ???
  • SW?????????????HMM???
  • SW?????? ???????
  • LA????
  • ??????????????(????)?

42
?????????(HMM)
  • HMM???????????
  • ??
  • ??????S
  • ????
  • S1,2,n
  • ????(k?l)
  • akl
  • ????
  • ek(b)

43
HMM????????????
  • Viterbi??????
  • ?????????????
  • Parsing(????)
  • Baum-Welch??????
  • (EM??????)
  • ???????????????
  • Learning(??)

44
??HMM
  • ???HMM
  • 1????1??????
  • ?????
  • ??HMM
  • 1???????????
  • ?????????

45
LA???????(1)
  • ??(??)?????? Kaß (x,y)
  • ???????? Kgß (x,y)

46
LA???????(2)
  • ?????????(convolution)
  • ?????????? n ?????????
  • LA????

47
LA?????SW??????
  • p(????)??????
  • s(x,y,p) x,y?
  • ??????p?
  • ???
  • ?????????????

??
48
LA?????SW???
  • SW??? 1????????????????
  • LA???? ????????????????

49
SVM-pairwise vs. LA kernel
SVM-pairwise
LA kernel
x
y
????
x
SW???
y
?????????
Pair HMM
??????
(0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.01)
(0.9, 0.05, 0.3, 0.2)
??
0.253
?????
0.227
50
SVM-pairwise vs. LA-kernel
51
???????????
  • 2???? x ? y ?????K(x,x) ? K(x,y)??????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????
  • (????)???

52
????????
  • LA kernel ???
  • 1????O(n2)?????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • 1CPU?????????
  • ?????
  • SGI ORIGIN 3800 (R14000(500MHz) 256CPU)
  • PC???? HPC (2.8GHz Xeom 8CPU)
  • ???
  • LSF (Load Sharing Facility) ? script ??????
  • ????????(????????????CPU???)
  • ?????Kernel?????
  • ???????????????

53
????????
54
ROC???????
??????????????
55
mRFP???????
??????????????
56
??
  • ???????????????????????
  • Smith-Waterman?????????HMM??????
  • ??????????????????????

??
  • ?????????(??????)????????????????

57
??
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ????????????????

58
??????????????????
59
Marginalized ???????(1)
  • Kashima??2003????
  • h ??? G1 ??????
  • h ??? G2 ??????
  • l(h) ?? h ????(???)??
  • K(x,y) ????????????
  • (? K(x,y)1 if xy, otherwise 0 )

60
Marginalized ???????(2)
61
Marginalized ???????(3)
62
Marginalized ???????(4)
63
Marginalized ???????(5)
64
Marginalized ???????(6)
65
Marginalized ???????(7)
  • Marginalized ??????????????

66
Marginalized ???????????
  • ??(???)?????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ??????????(????)??????????????????
  • ????????????????(??????)???????????????????????
  • ? ????(Morgan Index)???????

67
Morgan??????
  • ??????????????????????1960?????
  • CAS(Chemical Abstract Service)???
  • ??????????(???)??????????????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????(?????)
  • ? Marginalized ?????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????
  • ? ????????????????????????

68
Morgan??????????
  • ?????????1??????
  • ?????? x ?????????
  • x ?????????????????x ??????

69
?????
  • MUTAG ??????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • 125?????63???????
  • ??1????????????????????????????????
  • ??????
  • SVM???????GIST (http//microarray.cpmc.columbia.ed
    u/gist)
  • ???
  • ?? C ???

70
???????? ????
Marginalized ???? ?????
71
??????? ???????
??????1
??????2
  • Lin Reg ????? DT ???? NN ????????
  • Prolog ???????????
  • Sebag, Kramer ??? feature ??????

72
??????? ????
73
??
  • ?????????????????????
  • Marginalized???????????
  • ????????????
  • ????????

?????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????
  • ?????????

74
????????????????
(Akutsu, Fukagawa, CPM 2005)
  • ?????(SVM, etc.)
  • ??? (??, ???) ? ??????
  • ???
  • ?????? ? ???
  • ?????????????,??????????

Inverse function
75
????????????
  • ?????
  • ?????? ? ??????????
  • ???? ? ??????????????????
  • ?????? ? ?????NP??
  • ????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????

76
????
  • SVM?????????
  • N. Cristianini J. Shawe-Taylor An
    Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other
    Kernel-based Learning Methods, Cambridge Univ.
    Press, 2000.
  • (???? ??(?)??????????????????, 2005)
  • ????????????????????
  • Kernel Methods in Computational Biology, MIT
    Press, 2004.
  • Marginalized Kernel Morgan Index
  • P. Mahe, N. Ueda, T. Akutsu, J-L. Perret, J-P.
    Vert Extensions of marginalized graph kernels,
    Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Machine Learning, 552-559,
    2004.
  • LA????
  • H. Saigo, J-P Vert, N. Ueda, T. Akutsu Protein
    homology detection using string alignment
    kernels, Bioinformatics, 201682-1689, 2004.
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