Expansion of the Country Ch 16

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Expansion of the CountryCh 16 17

• Manifest Destiny

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Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 16

1. Tejanos (490)
2. Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (494)
3. Battle of the Alamo (494)
4. Texas Revolution (494)
5. Texas annexation (498)
6. Sam Houston (496)
7. Texas Constitution (496)

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Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 17 Sect 1 2

• Manifest Destiny
• John O. Sullivan
• James Polk
• Presidential Election of 1844
• Mexican Cession
• Mexican War
• Henry David Thoreau

8. Treaty of Guadalupe
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Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 17 Sect 3 4

1. Santa Fe Trail
2. Mormon Trail
3. Joseph Smith
4. Brigham Young
5. Mormons
6. California Gold Rush
7. forty-niners
8. Levi Strauss

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Spanish West and Southwest

• Review What country controlled Mexico?
• Why?
• Mexico (current day Texas plus land south)
• Spanish built missions in Texas
• Dangerous because missions were far apart and
  Spanish fought Native Americans
• Spain wanted settlers in Texas so offered land to
  settle there Tejanos (those who settled in
  Texas)
• Mexico gained independence from Spain

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Texas gains independence from Mexico

• New Mexican republic wants to bring settlers to
  Texasoffered land to settlers (sounds like when
  Spain offered land to _________ to settle in
  Mexico)
• Americans settle in Texas, raising cattle
• Mexico wants Americans to be Mexican citizens
  follow laws, be Catholicbut Americans ignore
  Mexican laws
• Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna elected president of
  Mexico and suspended Mexican constitution
• American Stephen Austin called for rebellion
  against Mexico

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Texas Revolution

• Fighting begins between American settlers and
  Santa Annas troops and those who suspended the
  constitution
• ALAMO-
• 189 American troops occupied a small mission in
  San Antonio (the Alamo)
• Santa Annas troops surrounded the Alamo and
  killed all of the American troops, only a few
  women survived to tell the story
• Remember the Alamo! became a rallying cry for
  Texan independence

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Davey Crocketts Last Stand at the Alamo
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Texas becomes a Republic

• Wrote Constitution that was modeled after the US
  Constitution and US Declaration of Independence
• Review Who wrote the US Declaration of
  Independence?
• Review whose ideas of natural rights did he use
  in the Declaration?
• Sam Houston became the commander in chief of the
  Texas army
• Defeated Santa Annas troops at the Battle of San
  Jacinto
• Texas becomes a Republic with capital at Houston
• Sam Houston elected President
• Texas asked the US to annex it

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Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836
Sam Houston(1793-1863)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
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The Republic of Texas
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Annexation of Texas

• US President Andrew Jackson worried about adding
  Texas to the US
• Texas was a slave state and adding it to the US
  would upset the balance of slave and free states
• Mexico did not recognize Texas independence and
  annexing Texas to the US would anger Mexico
• Rather than annexing Texas, Jackson recognized
  Texas as an independent nation

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Manifest Destiny

• It expressed the belief that it was Anglo-Saxon
  Americans' providential mission to expand their
  civilization and institutions across the breadth
  of North America. This expansion would involve
  not merely territorial aggrandizement but the
  progress of liberty and individual economic
  opportunity as well.
• Terms first used by John OSullivan, a New York
  Editor

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Americans Move West Presidential Election of
1844

• President John Tyler encouraged westward
  expansion
• Tyler wanted to annex Texas
• Review define Annex
• Review What issue made the annexation of Texas
  controversial?
• Tyler was so much in favor of slavery and the
  annexation of Texas that his party, the Whigs,
  selected another candidate for PresidentHenry
  Clay
• James Polk, of the Democratic Party, was very
  much in favor of annexing Texas AND Oregon
• 1844 Election Polk defeated Clay and westward
  expansion strengthened

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James K. Polk Young Hickory

• Democrat/Fierce Expansionist- Embodiment of
  Manifest Destiny
• Won presidency over Whigs in 1844? Tyler saw it
  as a go ahead to acquire Texas (3 days before he
  left office)
• Arranged annexation of Texas by joint resolution
  because the needed 2/3 vote would never be
  secured in senate because of the slavery issue
• Texas become 28th state in 1845 after resolution
  passed

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Mexican American War

• Mexico Angry over Annexation of Texas
• Polk and Expansionists wanted California too
  (another area owned by Mexico)
• Polk tried to buy California New Mexico for
  30 Billion---Mexico refused
• July 1845 Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and
  1,500 troops to Texas, near the border
• Dispute- Mexico did not recognize the Rio Grande
  River as the boundary between US and Mexico.
• April 1846- war began when Mexican troops entered
  Texas territory and American troops fired

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The Mexican War (1846-1848)
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Responses to the Mexican War

• Many members of the Whig party were not in favor
  of the warespecially those against expansion
• Henry David Thoreau- a writer who protested the
  war by going to jail for not paying taxes to
  support the Mexican War
• Abolitionists were opposed to the war including
  Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

• Mexico gave up its claims to Texas above the Rio
  Grande River.
• Mexican Cession--Mexico gave up claims to much of
  its northern lands including present day
• California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada
• What issue would this stir up?
• U. S. gave Mexico 15,000,000 and agreed to pay
  the claims of American citizens against Mexico

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The Mexican Cession
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SETTLERS MOVE WEST

• Trails develop to lead settlers west
• Oregon Trail
• Santa Fe Trail
• Mormons move west
• religious group founded by Joseph Smith
• Brigham Young led the Mormons west to present day
  Utah to escape persecution
• Gold Rush leads settlers to California
• John Sutter found gold at his Sutters Mill
• California Gold Rush started in 1849
• Migrants to California known as Forty-Niners-
  mostly single men

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Settlers Move West on the Santa Fe and Oregon
Trails
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California Gold Rush, 1849
49ers
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California Gold Production

• Was gold production constant or changing?
• About when did gold production peak?

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Effects of Gold Rush

• Settlers moved to California which led to
  statehood and another free state
• Job Opportunities Levi Strauss, a German
  immigrant, invented durable denim work pants for
  mine workers
• Most miners did not become rich