REVOLUTIONS

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REVOLUTIONS

• GREEN FAMILY
• UNIT TWO

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• WE WILL BE LOOKING AT THREE REVOLUTIONS
• 1. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION OF ENGLAND
• 2. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• 3. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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By the end of this unit you will be able to.

• A. COMPARE THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE FOLLOWING
  PHILOSOPHERS
• 1. Charles-Louis Montesquieu
• 2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• 3. Denis Diderot
• 4. Rene Descartes
• 5. Voltaire
• 6. Thomas Jefferson
• 7. James Madison
• 8. John Locke
• Answer what was the effect of their philosophies
  on the democratic revolutions in England,
  America, and France?

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• Compare and contrast the
• Glorious Revolution
• The American Revolution
• The French Revolution
• Please, pay particular attention to the
  expectation of self government and Individual
  Liberty
• List the principles of the
• Magna Carta
• English Bill of Rights
• American Declaration of Independence
• The French Declaration of Rights of Man and
  Citizen
• The U. S Bill of Rights
• The U. S Constitutionthe ideals of equality,
  justice and freedom under the law

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• QUICKWRITE
• Explain the meaning of Voltaires word
• I disapprove of what you say, but I will
  defend to the death your right to say it
• GROUP POSTER PROJECT
• In a group of 5 you will prepare answers to the
  following
• Montesquieuwho was he, why do you like/dislike
  him, what did he say about government, or
  individual rights?
• Natural Rights what does it mean, who came up
  with the idea, who has it, when do they have it,
  who can take it away?
• Natural Law definition (in your own words), who
  proposed it, what is it? The Social Contractwhat
  is it, what does it say, who wrote it, what does
  it mean?
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau who was he, do you
  like/dislike him, what did he think about REASON,
  what is REASON?, what did he think about human
  nature?
• The General Will who came up with it, what is
  it, what does it mean, what governmental system
  is best represented by this system, which is not?
• Each member of the group will use a different
  color to transfer/write and draw your answers on
  the poster.
• I will grade on the depth of understanding of
  your answers, your creativity (would I buy this
  in an art gallery?), the completeness of your
  answers, and the contributions of EVERY MEMBER.

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• For the second poster, in this series, you will
• Make a poster that lists the major IDEAS, and
  contributions, of the 8 listed philosophers.
• Each must have at least 5 entries
• You will summarize your poster by answering the
  following question (for each philosopher)
• How did each philosopher contribute to our way of
  life today?
• If your group could adopt one philosopher which
  one would it be and explain why?

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• Englands road to democracy
• For 1000 years, the English had a
  monarchykings.
• Kings shared power with their nobles who gave
  them military and monetary support.
• The power, therefore, was primarily in the hands
  of the nobility.
• They didnt pay taxes, they were free to do
  anything they wanted to, to their serfs (dude),
  they were above the lawand they enjoyed the
  powerso would you!
• Enter a handsome, kind, brave, clever, and
  romantic king, Richard the Lionheartedso what if
  he only spoke French!
• Did I mention he was handsome?
• His younger brother, John, was cruel, cowardly,
  clever, unromantic, and unpopular.
• Richard the Lionhearted only spent 9 months of
  his reign in England
• The rest of the time he was off with the
  Crusadeskilling, burning, pillaging, and raping
  in the name of religion

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• While Richard is off with the boys, John is
  taxing the nobles, imprisoning ordinary folk
  grabbing cash wherever he could so he could live
  in luxury.
• John was a really nasty piece of work.
• His nephew, Arthur, Richards son, had a better
  claim to the throne than he did, so he had him
  murderedhe was 5 years old.
• He was always watching his back, as he was
  convinced all his men were trying to kill
  himthey were!
• After Richard died, John became king and ruined
  the economy of England, and Ireland.
• Some of the nobility, Barons, got so fed up with
  the mess John was making of the country, they
  rebelled and captured London.
• Stealing from the poor was one thing! But, he was
  stealing from them and they were ticked off.

In 1215 AD/CE they had had enough and so
they
Johns tomb effigy
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In 1215 AD/CE they had had enough and so
they

• Forced him to meet their leaders at Runnymede,
  near London, on June 15, 1215 to seal the Great
  Charter called, in Latin, Magna Carta.
• Magna Carta influenced many common laws and other
  documents, such as the US Constitution and Bill
  of Rights, and is considered one of the most
  important legal documents in the history of
  democracy.
• Magna Carta required the king to give up certain
  rights, respect certain legal procedures and
  accept that the king was not above the law.
• It protected certain rights of the king's
  subjects the right of Habeas Corpus, meaning
  that they had rights against unlawful
  imprisonment.

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The results..

• The power of the king was reduced forever.
• The Magna Carta establishes very important
  precedents in English government and law.
• 1. The English monarch was answerable to the
  people
• 2. The English monarch was not above the law
• 3. The idea of Divine Right, in England, was
  deadvery different from the
• French
• 4. Habeas corpus (Latin We command that you
  have the body) is the
• name of a legal action,
  through which a person can seek relief from
• unlawful detention of
  themselves or another person.
• The writ of habeas corpus
  has historically been an important instrument
• for the safeguarding of
  individual freedom against arbitrary state
  action.
• This one you will get a laugh out ofClause 54
  says that no man may be imprisoned on the
  testimony of a woman except on the death of her
  husband.

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• Back to nasty King John.
• Whilst crossing a body of water, the Washyes,
  its called the WashJohns entire treasure
  disappeared beneath the water and was swallowed
  up in the mud.
• All his gold, precious jewels, and jewelry gone!
  this certainly proves the old saying
  everything comes out in the wash!
• King John, famous for his disgusting feeding
  habits, literally ate himself to death in 1216!

Glass windows introduced to replace brick windows
in 1180I bet the view was better
Knife and fork introduced into England in 1200
In 1185 Oxford University beganthis is the
Bodleian Library.
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• As we are interested in the development of
  British Constitutional Monarchy, we will skip
  through the next four centuriespast the Black
  Death, past the 100 years war, past the revolting
  Scots, past Henry VIII and all his wiveswe are
  getting close past the introduction of tobacco
  and potatoes to Englandand finally we land at
  Charles I...all 4 foot 10 of him!

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The Many Faces of Charles I
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Charles I by Van Dyck (1633)
How do you suppose he looks as tall as the horse?
And here is Henrietta
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Standing a proud 4 foot 10 inches he was prudish,
shy, shifty, and he stammered. Born in Scotland
he really did not understand the Englishbut then
who does? He believed if he set a good example,
the world would followhow wrong could he be? For
a start, he went and married the horribly haughty
Henriettathe king of Frances daughterand she
was taller than him! Whom his faithful English
subjects soon learned to loathe Charles managed
to get into a war with Spain. He asked Parliament
for money, to fight, and they told him no and to
go get tall! So, he tried to get sneaky, he
forced people to house and feed his soldiers in
their homes this is called quartering remember
it! Parliament finally gave him the moneywhich
he lost and had to ask the Spanish king for
peace!
He certainly forgot about the Magna Carta
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• Charles was one of those kings who thought he was
  next in line to God, which meant nobody had the
  right to question himHow tall are you your
  majesty? That really got him mad!
• Parliament thought it had the right to question
  himthey were on a collision course.
• In the end, things came to the crunch over
  three guesses?
• Yup, religion
• Parliament passed a law against the Catholic
  faith which Charles, having Catholic sympathies,
  took rather badlyhis wife was Catholic and
  taller!
• He dismissed Parliament and ran the country
  alonefor 11 years!
• Charles was strapped for cash
• And then for reasons only known to himself he
  taxed anyone who lived near the seathe ship tax!
• Hello, Englands an islandeveryone lives near
  the sea!
• Parliament refused to give him any more moneyhe
  was so ticked off he

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• He was so mad he took what was left of his army
  to London to arrest them all!
• Well you just dont do that to Parliamentand
  besides they all hid and he couldnt find them!
• The whole country took sides and whoopee! We have
  a proper civil warnice one Charles.

A Cavalier
Buckinghamhis fathers loverwe cant talk about
it
pike men
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Civil War (1621-1649)
Royalists(Cavaliersit means a man who swaggers)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

• House of Lords
• Aristocracy
• Large landowners
• Church officials
• Catholics
• The King

• House of Commons
• Puritans
• Merchants
• Townspeople
• More urban , more prosperous

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• Parliament had access to lots of moneythey taxed
  everyone!
• The biggest advantage they had was a man called
  Oliver Cromwell
• A Puritan, Cromwell was MP for Cambridge and no
  fun!
• In 1644 a combination of Roundheads (Parliaments
  soldiers) , Scots and Cromwells new cavalry beat
  the pants off the Cavaliers, or Royalists, at
  Marston Moor.
• Parliament were so stoked they asked Cromwell
  to build a new elite army of professional
  soldiers he didthe New Model Army
• The men were paid the amazing sum of 10p a day
  (10 cents)wow!
• They were a tough bunch even though they were
  trained not to drink (alcohol), swear, rape or
  pillage.
• They never lost a battle
• Charles I saw the writing on the wall and fled to
  Scotland for safety
• The Scots promptly filled their sporrans by
  selling him to Parliament

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Oliver Cromwell
Outside Parliamenttoday
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New Model Army Soldiers Catechismmanual
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Do you think Ollie was happy to be rid of this
pain in the neck?

• Cromwell and Parliament now tried the king for
  treason
• And, then in 1649 at a huge public ceremony,
  severed Charles Is head off!!!

Not many people know thisbut, when in
1813Charless coffin was rediscovered, Sir Henry
Halford did an autopsy on the body and stole poor
Charless fourth vertebra. For years he used to
horrify his dinner guests by using it as a salt
holder. Queen Victoriano sense of humorordered
him to put it back in the coffin
No longer 5 foot, Charles alas, got smaller. He
was no longer head of state
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• So, what have we learned about so far about where
  the power to GOVERN lies in England?
• Lets sum up the following 40 years really
  quicklyCromwell dies, Charless son Charles is
  asked to come back and be kinghe is a serious
  player and fun loving guy who eventually dies,
  his brother James becomes kingoh no, hes
  Catholic, kick him out!
• They shop around Europe for a king
• Not just any kingthey wanted someone who would
  listen and let parliament have the final say.
• This king had to agree that parliament was the
  main power in Englandthe big cheese, numero uno,
  the cats meow! Where to find one?
• In the NetherlandsWilliam and Mary of Orangehe
  was know to his friends as Minute maid)
• He agreed to a set of demands that laid out what
  he could do and the RIGHTS THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
  HAD!
• Because James had been kicked out of England
  without a shot being fired and no one was killed
  the Brits called this bloodless event The
  GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
• Lets take a look at these rights called THE BILL
  OF RIGHTS and see if you recognize any

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The English Bill of Rights

• The English Bill of Rights of 1689
• Largely they are a statement of certain positive
  rights that its authors considered that
  citizen/subject of a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
  ought to have.
• It asserts the Subject's right to petitiona
  subject can ask the government to correct, or
  repair, an injustice.
• Subject's have a right to bear arms for defense.
• In fact you will find all of the English Bill of
  Rights in the first eight amendments to the U.S.
  Constitutionplease bring in a copy of the
  American Bill of Rights, (the first 10 amendments
  of the constitution), you will glue it into your
  notebook.
• In addition to those rights in the English Bill
  of Rights do not forget the rights contained in
  the Magna Carta
• Habeas Corpus Act
• Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtain a
  writ of habeas corpus compelling the govt. to
  explain why he had lost his liberty.
• Make a comparisonVenn diagram, etcof the
  English and American Bills of Rights

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William And Mary
St. James's Palace
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Buckingham Palace
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English Bill of Rights 1689

• Main provisions
• The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
• The King could not interfere with the ordinary
  course of justice.
• No taxes levied or standard army maintained in
  peacetime without Parliaments consent.
• Freedom of speech in Parliament.
• Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
• Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and
  freedom from excessive fines and cruel and
  unusual punishment.
• The monarch must be a Protestant.
• Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
• Censorship of the press was dropped.
• Religious toleration.

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And here it isno I did not spill tea on it