Angiosperms

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Angiosperms

• Angiosperms are the most diverse and
  geographically most widespread plants
• Have flowers and fruits with seeds
• Two classes
• 1. Monocotyledones (monocots)
• 2. Dicotyledones (dicots)
• Insect pollination tightly linked to evolution of
  the flower.

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Angiosperms

• Ecological Success of the Angiosperms
• Able to survive in a greater variety of habitats
  than any other group of plants
• Faster life cycle - mature more quickly than
  ferns or gymnosperms
• Most produce greater number of seeds per year
  than gymnosperms
• Animals aid in pollination - can survive as small
  scattered populations

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Angiosperms

• Fruits for seed dispersal
• Most diverse and specialized group
• perennials or annuals
• Leaves of angiosperms are thin blades, diversity
  of shapes, better adapted for light interception.
  
• Xylem of angiosperms contains wide-bore vessels,
  allows faster conduction of water.
• Woody tissue of angiosperms more complex and
  highly specialized

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Angiosperms

• From the Greek
• Angeion vessel
• Sperma seed

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Monocot vs. dicot

• As the zygote grows into the embryo, the first
  leaves of the young sporophyte develop and are
  called as cotyledons (seed leaves)
• Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc).
• Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).

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Monocot vs. dicot

• Number of cotyledons one vs. two

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Monocot vs. dicot

• Leaf venation pattern
• Monocot is parallel
• Dicot is net pattern

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Monocot vs. dicot root

• Monocot Fibrous root
• Dicot Tap root

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Monocot vs. dicot

• Flower parts
• Monocot in groups of three
• Dicot in groups of four or five

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Monocot vs. dicot

• Monocot Vascular bundle position
• Dicot arranged in a circle

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2 groups of Angiosperms

• Monocot

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Summary Monocot vs. dicot
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Plants
flower
1
bud
5
stem
leaf
2
4
roots
3
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Leaves

• Make food for plants which is sugar
• Take in carbon dioxide through tiny openings in
  the leaves

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Roots

• Hold the plant in the ground
• Take in water and nutrients for the plants growth

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The Stem

• holds up the plant parts
• above the ground.
• has tiny tubes to transport
• water and nutrients to the
• plants parts.

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What about flowers?

• Flowers are made of petals.

• Petals attract insects to the flower.

• The flower makes seeds.

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The life cycle of a plant
2.Leaves start to grow.
3. More leaves grow. Flower buds appear.
1.Roots grow from a seed.
4. The flowers open.
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Xylem Phloem

• Vascular tissue that moves water, minerals and
  nutrients from the roots to all parts of the plant

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Angiosperm Basics

• all have flowers
• flowers are reproductive organs
• They make up around 80 percent of all the living
  plant species on Earth.

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male part of flower

• Angiosperms have male sex organs called stamens.
• On the end of the stamen is the anther. This is
  where pollen is made.
• The pollen has to be taken to the pistil or the
  female part of the flower.

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female part of flower

• The pollen is left on the stigma at the end of
  the pistil.
• The stigma carries the pollen down a tube called
  the style to the ovary.
• eggs are fertilized and develop into a seed in an
  ovary that is usually in a flower.

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Pollination

• Some plants can cross pollinate. This means they
  can pollinate themselves.
• Others rely on pollinators.
• Most species offer a nectar or pollen reward to
  insects or birds to attract them to the flowers.
  The colors and scents of flowers often assist
  pollinators in finding plants

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From seed to Fruit

• After fertilization the embryo begins growing.
  The result is a seed.
• The ovary tissue immediately surround the seed
  or seeds will develop into a fruit
• Every angiosperm, produces some type of fruit
• Fruit serves to disperse the seeds the plant
  produces, which is very important.

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• When a plant flowers and produces seeds, it also
  produces something else we all like -- fruit. As
  you learned, when the ovary ripens, it swells and
  forms a protective covering around the seeds.
  This protective covering, or fruit, often finds
  its way on top of cereal, ice cream, a salad, or
  just a tasty snack.

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Seeds

• The seed's plant-parts are not "true" leaves,
  stem and roots, but are effective enough to the
  launch the plant into its growth phase when true
  leaves, roots and stems appear.

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Seeds

• Hidden inside every seed is a tiny embryonic
  plant complete with root, stem and leaves, ready
  to sprout when suitable conditions appear

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What is their job?
make food from light, air and water.
get water from the soil.
help the plant stand up.
attract insects.
take food and water to the leaves
make seeds.