Introduction to the Angiosperms

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Introduction to the Angiosperms

• Chapter 19

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Angiosperms- Anthophyta

• Autotrophic, but parasitic and saprophytic
  representatives.
• Enclosure of ovules within carpels.
• Ovule- the structure in seed plants that contains
  the female gametophyte with egg cell including
  nucellus and integuments.
• Presence of endosperm in seeds.
• Flower present with stamens (microsporophylls)
  carpels (megasporophylls).
• Species- 300,000-450,000

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Class Monocotyledonae- monocots

• Flower parts- 3s.
• Pollen- monoaperturate.
• Cotyledons- 1.
• Leaf venation- parallel.
• 1 vascular bundles in stem- complex.
• 2 growth without vascular cambium.
• Examples- grasses, lilies, irises, orchids,
  cattails, palms.

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Class Eudicotyledonae- dicots

• Flower parts- 4s 5s.
• Pollen- triaperturate.
• Cotyledons- 2.
• Leaf venation- netlike.
• 1 vascular bundles in stem- ring.
• 2 growth with vascular cambium.
• Examples- trees, shrubs, herbs.

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Ovary Position

• Hypogynous- whorls attached below the ovary.
• Perigynous- stamens and petals adnate to the
  calyx, forming a tube (hypanthium) at the base of
  the ovary.
• Epigynous- whorls attached above the ovary.

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Epigyny in Malus (apple) flower
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Mature Anther with 4 Microsporangia
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Mature Embryo Sac- 8 nuclei, 7 celled
structure
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Double Fertilization
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Endosperm- tissue that contains stored food that
is digested by the sporophyte before or
after maturation of the seed.
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